Islamic Importance of Tawhid, Akhira, Books of Allah and...

Explain the Islamic beliefs about Tawhid, Akhira and the Books of Allah. Islam is described as a living religious system that applies to an estimated one billion people globally. The key beliefs in Islam revolve around the elements of Tawhid, Akhira and the Books of Allah. Tawhid is the most basic tenet in Islam, where each Muslim worships one omnipotent, omnipresent and omniscient deity and personality. It is the acknowledgment that Allah is the â€Å"Creator and Provider† and the belief in worshiping Allah’s many attributes. This is evidenced in the Qur’an, â€Å"Glorified be Allah, the Lord of the Throne, bow to He and what they attribute to Him!† [Surah Al Anbiya: 22]. In Islam, Allah set the requirement that humans must perpetually†¦show more content†¦However, various other sources aid the process. It is written, â€Å"In the Qur’an we put thee on the right way of religion so follow thou that way† [45:18]. An example is what is considered â€Å"Halal† (permitted) and â€Å"Haraam† (forbidden).The Sunna and Hadith are used second. The Sunnis use Ijma, the consensus of religious leaders whilst the Shi’ias turn to Imams and the Ayatollah, the leaders of the religion moved by div ine wisdom. After that Qiyas appears which finds similarity in one situation and applies analogies and teachings to another. The Five Pillars are defined as fundamental practice. They are: the Shahadah, declaration of faith, Salah (prayer), which is believed to â€Å"restrain one from shameful deeds†, Zakat (charity), Saum (fasting during Ramadan) and the Hajj (pilgrimage). As no bird can not fly conveniently with only one wing, a Muslim cant be welcomed in the Heavens unless he is keeping good balance of the two Islam wings. The Qur’an outlines how these foundational pillars are to be completed to balance adherent’s lives. Human beings are guided by Allah but they are ultimately the architects of their own destiny. Hence, God revealed the Qur’an, His keys to unlocking a righteous, spiritual and fulfilledShow MoreRelatedIslam Five Pillars1344 Words   |  6 PagesExplain and analyse the significance of the Five Pillars of Islam on the individual and the community making reference to the principal beliefs where relevant. Central to the Muslim belief is the importance of devotion and total submission to Allah. This is put into practice through the Five Pillars of Islam –the five obligatory duties that must be performed by all practising Muslims. These are the acts of faith, prayer, charity, fasting and pilgrimage. Carrying out these duties creates structureRead MoreThe Contribution Of Islam And Islam3730 Words   |  15 PagesRightly Guided Caliphs. Sayyid Qutb’s contributions lie in his books and writings, which express his values and perspectives. He wrote a total of 24 book and articles criticising the American way of living and the Arab world for trying to become westernised. Social Justice in Islam was written first, expressing his belief in tawhid (unity in God) and in Islam as the only way of life. He then joined the Muslim Brotherhood, contributing to Islamic perspectives as chief editor of the brotherhood’s newspaper

All The Pretty Horses Essay Example For Students

All The Pretty Horses Essay John Grady Cole, the last in a long line of west Texas ranchers, is, at sixteen, poised on the sorrowful, painful edge of manhood. When he realizes the only life he has ever known is disappearing into the past and that cowboys are as doomed as the Comanche who came before them, he leaves on a dangerous and harrowing journey into the beautiful and utterly foreign world that is Mexico. In the guise of a classic Western, All the Pretty Horses is at its heart a lyrical and elegiac coming-of-age story about love, friendship, and loyalty that will leave John Grady, and the reader, changed forever. When his mother decides to sell the cattle ranch he has grown up working, John Grady Cole and his friend Lacey Rawlins set out on horseback for Mexico, a land free of the fences and highways that have begun to invade west Texas, a land where the boys are not able to read the look in a mans eye. As they approach the Rio Grande, they are joined by the youthful and mysterious Jimmy Blevins, whose fine horse, hot-blooded temper, and talent with a pistol are as certain an omen of trouble as the desolate and forbidding landscape stretching out before them. In a violent and freakish thunderstorm, Blevins loses all his worldly possessions; and the foolhardy attempt to recover them soon brands the boys as horse thieves. On the run, they split up, with John Grady and Rawlins finding refuge on a hacienda where few questions are asked and a talent for breaking horses is still a source of honor, and where they fall into a routine as familiar to them as the shape of their saddles. At night, John Grady rides the patrons prized sire through the mountains beyond the hacienda in the company of Alejandra, the patrons beautiful daughter. But in a land as bound by honor and reputation as this is, the white-hot love between John Grady and this girl is as dangerous as anything they will face. When soldiers arrive to take John Grady and Rawlins away, the boys know it has nothing to do with Jimmy Blevins, but is instead because of some deeper, more elusive transgression that John Grady has committed in the name of love. With no one to plead their case, their fate is dire indeed. John Grady and Rawlins find themselves in a Mexican prison governed by stark violence. But in the hands of Cormac McCarthy this place takes on a dreamlike quality; it is not right or wrong, good or evil, but merely as inevitable a part of life as the sun setting in the West, something that must be faced in order for one to survive. All the Pretty Horses is the first volume in the Border Trilogy the second volume is entitled The Crossing; and the third, The Cities of the Plain, and this name implies that the text is as much about the arid and desolate landscapes and blood-red skies of the great Southwest as it is about the people who inhabit the region. Together the land and sky form a lyrical tapestry that colors and alters the narrative in subtle and unexpected ways. John Gradys journey leaves him wiser but saddened, yet out of this heartbreak comes the resilience of a man who has claimed his place in the world. There is no record of John Grady passing through customs on his return to the United States, but we realize he has much to declare. Written with the lyricism that has made McCarthy one of the great American prose stylists, All the Pretty Horses is at once a bittersweet and profoundly moving tale of love, loss, and redemption and a stunning portrait of Mexico. of fate and the weight of manhood.

Oral Communication in English free essay sample

Foreword Oral communication help students to improve their self, it fulfills a number of general and discipline-specific pedagogical functions. Learning to speak is an important goal in itself, for it equips students with a set of skills they can use for the rest of their lives. Speaking is the mode of communication most often used to offer explanations, transmit information, express opinions, make arguments and make impressions upon others. Students need to speak well in their personal lives, future workplaces, social interactions, and political endeavors.If basic instruction and opportunities to practice speaking are available, students position themselves to accomplish a wide range of goal and be useful members of their communities. Nowadays in this new millennium a usage of English has become an important language in Malaysian and it help instructors at a local college or university to teach students in their learning so that students will practices their self in oral communicate in English well. Besides that oral communication skill can take many forms, ranging from informal conversation that occurs spontaneously and, in most cases, for which the content cannot be planned, to participation in meetings, which occurs in a structured environment, usually with a set agenda. Oral communication is a unique and learned rhetorical skill that requires understanding what to say and how to say it. Unlike conversational speech, speech in more formal environments does not come naturally. As a speaker there are several elements of oral communication which needed to be aware in order to learn how to use them to his advantage.Speaker should learn how to communicate effectively with several other elements in the apart from the language. The Skills are eye contact, body language, style, understanding the audience, adapting to the audience, active and reflexive listening, politeness, precision, conciseness, etc. At tertiary level it is assumed that the learners know the basics of the language. At this level teaching speaking skills is irrelevant. What the teacher has to teach is the communication skills. For this he has to know the individual needs of the students.And this can be known in a better way when the learners perform a task in the class. Task-based approach seems to be suitable for teaching and learning these skills. In the communication process it like to prepare something for dinner, that mean we need few items to get the meal ready on the dinner table. Besides the ingredients, we may need the cooking utensils and electricity or gas to cook the food. Without this process to preparing the meal may not be cooking and it similar in the process of oral communication that needed to follow the process in early.It same when oral communication in English do where students need to know how to apply English in their oral communication so that their will speak with well. Teacher plays their role to ensure students will give exposure to follow up each method to help students in their communication. They are so important that without them communication may not be able to take place. In the communication there are seven elements process which are source, message, channel, receiver, feedback, noise and context or environment.All of this process help students do their oral communication in English more better and effective. 1. 1. 1Channel The channel is the medium used to convey the message. It can be in the forms of touch, smell, sound waves, light waves, visuals, or anything that may stimulate our senses. Nowadays, technological advances allow us to receive message not only from media channels such as the radio and television but also through the internet and satellite. 1. 1. 2 Context or environment The context or environment of communication can be a part of the noises that influence a communication process.They include the physical, time place and psychological situations as well as past and current knowledge of communicators involved. Communicators should consider all these factors to get an effective communication. For example, a speaker may find a difficulty in persuading the audience to change their bad smoking habit if they are not psychologically ready to accept the charge. 1. 1. 3 Feedback Feedback is the receiver’s response towards the source. For example, when we agree with a person’s statement, we usually nod while he or she is explaining the subject.A feedback informs the sender that the receiver has received the message conveyed. In the process of influencing or informing others, feedbacks are very important to measure the effectiveness of communication. 1. 1. 4Message The message is the content of the communication process like ideas or emotions. The source encodes the message into verbal codes such as in writings or speeches. The message can also be encoded into nonverbal codes. For example, a weeping person may convey a message of sadness. 1. 1. 5 Noise Noise means anything that causes communication to be ineffective.Through Beeba and Redmond (1999) define noise as â€Å"anything, either literal or psychological, that interferes the clear reception and interpretation of a message†. Psychological noises such as uncontrollable emotions or preconceived ideas about something or someone may causes communication to be ineffective. For example, we may not want to listen to a politician, who is known to be corrupt. 1. 1. 6 Receiver The receiver also knows as the decoder and it is the person or party, who receives the message. The people will decode or translate the received message into something that can be understood.Beebe, and Redmond (1999) define interpersonal communication as â€Å"a special form of human communication that occurs when we interact simultaneously with another and mutually influence each other, usually for purpose of managing relationship†. Interpersonal communication serves many functions. They include improvements in family relationship, relationship with friends and colleagues as well as physical and emotional health. ?There are some activity and practicing skill that make oral communication in their interpersonal communication more effective in a classroom as bellow: 1. 2. 1 Listening skillsListening skills help students listen what the message that delivery to them. As example in classroom students A begin by telling the other person about their picture, describing detail and emotional attachments. Instruct students B to use proper interpersonal communication skills in listening to their partner and students should lend forward, maintain eye contact and used head nods. Then students B should ask open-ended question to create dialogue. Instruct student B to ask why and how questions. Person A and B switch roles so that both students have the chance to practice their interpersonal communication skill.This situation same while teacher taught student how to speak in English and how to delivery information through listening skills. The teacher listens the performance of the students and comments on the individual performance. He points out the errors of the individual students. At the end of the semester, students are assessed using these tasks. 1. 2. 2 Murder Mystery This activity requires students to communicate and work together. Students will be separate into teams and give them a murder mystery scenario. Use characters with different personalities and possible weapons.The teams must work together to discuss possible motives and who they believe is the murderer. Encourage students to use learned interpersonal communication skills such as listening, eye contact and follow-up questions. The teacher should observe the groups as they work together. Provide an evaluation for each student after the activity. Students will learn what skills are their strengths and which skills they should work to improve. 1. 2. 3Team Connections In this activity teacher will separate the class into teams or group. On the board, write the terms collaboration and cooperation. The groups will learn about these two important concepts for interpersonal communication within a team. Have the groups talk about the meanings of both words and why they are important in teams. Then, encourage the whole class to come up with seven interpersonal communications skills that are important in a team. List these terms on the board. The groups will come up with ground rules for their team, including how they will use interpersonal communication skills. Teams should identify how they will interact to resolve conflicts. The team rules can be used all year as part of the classroom group projects. The purpose of small group discussion do in oral communication is encourage active participation by all group member, foster awareness of the various tasks necessary in small-group discussion and makes students comfortable in a variety of roles in a discussion group. Through this students be able to interact each other because they all would be speak in small group, they receive positive feedback that is built into the process, they will participate actively in their learning and they will have specific role to fulfill, clearly defining their role in the small group.For make the small group communication is more effective in oral communication of students, a tips and resource are needed to make sure students will able to follow what are teaching that instructor or teacher apply to them. For example, in a group roles activity it is important to vary the composition of small group, allowing students the opportunity to work with many classmates of various abilities, interest, backgrounds, home languages, and other characteristics. The students will have experience in different roles and will improve their skill through activity that do which repeated throughout the year. Students also will focus on the task through time the exercise. If research is required, involve all students in the process, regardless of their role. This activity provides an excellent way for students to share research and come to a consensus about important information. For role ideas, see Student or Teacher Resource, Sample Role Cards. To encourage students to reflect on their learning, use Student Resource, Small-group Discussion Reflection Sheet.Beside of this activity in a group roles, other activity such as place mat, determining key ideas, jigsaw, and discussion web also help students to do their oral communication because through that activity ensure students participate and become a speaker. There are a few strategies used to improve small group communication skills. They are by understanding the interaction process, understanding group dynamics, improving perception building and observing skill, and choosing the right communication style.All of this strategy help instructor to improve students learning in a small group communication and it can be improved if every member of the group improves him or herself by taking into account the understanding of the interaction process, psychological elements of other members, and ability to observe and choose the right style of communication. 1. 5 PUBLIC COMMUNICATION Public communication refers to a communication, whereby a speaker addresses a relatively large audience with relatively continuous discourse, usually in a face-to-face situation (Devito, 1997).Public speaking is still one of the most important channels to convey message to the audience. We speak in public to inform, to entertain and to influence the audience in orde r to achieve our goals. It enable students will be able to prepare a good speech in English. There are five main parts in a speech with a general outline and this outline is a basis for any effective speeches which are introduction, thesis sentence, body of the speech, conclusion and reference and sources.There are few general guidelines for an effective speech among instructor and a student which is first use simple and accurate language, second use effective introduction and conclusions, third adopt natural or conversational approach to the speech. Maintain eye contact, smile, use movement wisely, maintain psychological closeness, and avoid physical barriers such as a table between us and the audience, fourth attend to feedback signals from the audience and fifth prepare our speech and rehearse, perhaps with a friend or in front of a mirror.

International Politics

Question: Write an essay about the International Politics. Answer: There are various questions that are raised for intervention in conflicts that are foreign (i) whether the same should be only on grounds that are humanitarian or even when there is at stake some national interest; and (ii) what is the effectiveness of the interventions that are primarily or solely carried out on grounds that are humanitarian. There has been an establishment by the contemporary international law beyond any doubt and violations that are serious with respect to human rights become a concern international. For the international community, inaction is not an option that is viable when there is a community or group which is being persecuted systematically in some part of the world or the international community. It is also commendable in this context that international actors both states and organizations have started to focus their attention towards something that is not limited to only intervention but is a more comprehensive approach to a state building post-war. The emergence norms of intervention shall be reinforced by this (ARBOUR, 2008). The ethical and moral arguments provide a wide scope for taking of action. Sovereignty in itself is no longer the shield that the perpetrator shall have for escaping the punitive measures. Through time, there have been variously debated with respect to humanitarian intervention at international level and in the face of ethnic cleansing that had been carried out in the early nineties in Yugoslavia and then recently in Sudan these debates and discussion have gained momentum (Argument and change in world politics: ethics, decolonization, and humanitarian intervention, 2003). Unarmed and armed participation are entailed by these interventions of a state or more than one state, the international organization often aid such interventions, on another state to ensure that there is well-being in its domestic group which cannot be any longer protected by its own government. The arguments that this essay mainly focuses on are (a) is the sovereignty of a state absolute, and (b) are the intervention that is purely humanitarian in nature the intervention decision is made independent of the self-interest of the intervenee. An argument that arises from the concept of Humanitarian Intervention is whether the sovereignty of the state is absolute. The sovereignty of the state is not absolute. The international community cannot intervene in the legal jurisdiction of another state's domestic affairs theoretically as per the UN Charter. In the principle articles with respect to intervention and using of force are found in the article 2(4) and Article 51(Bellamy, 2005). However the states can intervene on humanitarian grounds; however most of this intervention of the state, as argued in the essay, is based on the self-interest of the states that are intervening. Thus, the sovereignty of the state cannot be absolute, the responsibility principally of allows the intervention into states that are unable and unwilling to protect a group of citizens or all of their citizens. It may be, on a moral ground that is higher that intervention may seem to be justifiable. However, they are not effective (Chung, n.d.). The state's finite resources and imposition on them by their constituencies domestically would allow the deployment of resources fully that are needed when there is at stake the state's self-interest as well. Thus, it is not coincidental or surprising that the interventions most of them are based on self-interest and not primarily or exclusively on grounds that are humanitarian. It is on one hand claimed by the scholars that there is a duty on the international community to intervene in those conflicts where the citizens are helpless. The political realists, on the other hand, claim that if the nation's self-interest is not at stake, then there will be a lack of the incentive that the country may have for investing in the necessary amount of resources for the intervention to be successful and therefore it is like that the intervention will be a fail ure. It is on normative claims that the advocates of human rights base their arguments on with respect to when the intervention should be done, whereas the focus of the realist is strategy aspects relating to the intervention and the feasibility that it has in a world that is anarchic and in which there is no authority which is overarching (Ciurea, 2015). I agree with the opinion of the realist and argue that the decision of interventions that are based on the grounds that are solely humanitarian have a greater chance of failure. There are two main reasons for it (i) Finite Resources, the government resources are finite, and there are more needs that are required to be satisfied then the resources that are available to satisfy them (Criddle, 2015). Thus, the Government has to decide whether the resources should be utilized abroad or domestically. Those resources would be utilized more towards domestic need as compared to the cause of intervention based on humanitarian grounds with no personal stake; (ii) Governments Survival even it regimes that are authoritarian the support of the citizen is important for the survival. If there is the failure of the intervention, the rules will be blamed by its constituents. Therefore, the preference of the rulers would be to intervene in cases that are easier, that is those cases in which they are s ure that they will succeed. However, usually these are not the cases where humanitarian intervention is the maximum, the empirical evidence that exists support the view of the realist. It indicates that interventions that are based solely on grounds of good intention are more likely to fail. In Somalia, the intervention of US in the year 1993 is a critical case that supports this claim. In this case, there was a huge pressure on the government of US to provide to the Somalis who were suffering political oppression and starvation humanitarian aid. There, however, was no economic or strategic interest that the US had towards Somalia. It, therefore, intervened in its capacity that was minimal. It the street of Mogadishu there was outnumbering of the American soldiers, and they were killed, and they failed to capture the war-lords Somali. On the other hand the intervention of US in Kosovo precisely succeeded because there was considerable importance strategically that was attached to th e region and therefor there was a willingness in the government of America to invest resources for ending the conflict that was there between the Albanians and the Serbs so as to ensure that was peace that was sustainable (Ethics, Law, and Humanitarian Intervention:, 2014). However every intervention cannot be justified by human rights, it is dependent on the nature, magnitude and scope of the issue. There clearly has to be circumstances which are extreme, and there is liberty and life which is at stake if force across the international boundary is required. There are various situations of violence which are required to be dealt itself locally by the government or the local stakeholder. It is only when there are certain cases like ethnic cleansing, genocide or massacring systematically national or religious community and when oppression and extreme brutality is targeted towards a large number of the population of a state, it is only then can a response and intervention from international borders be justified. What needs to be established that it is not practical or possible to wait for a response from the local government that is there (Hill, 2009). It also has to be established that due to limited resources of each government it is not feasible that at every occasion intervention would be possible. In each one, it is necessary to calculate the risk. It is necessary to weigh the consequences that could possibly be there due to such intervention. If there is the further spread of conflict or insecurity that is caused due to the intervention, it is necessary that intervention should be stalled and should be occasioned at a moment that is more opportune. There is always a risk that is imposed by the military intervention across international for the forces that are intervening (Jayakumar, n.d.). Interventions are important from the moral standpoint for the oppressed populations benefit. However as already argued in this essay there is no pure moral which is in existence in the life of politics, and it is not necessary to pretend that there is any kind of purity that is there in this in most of the cases (Jean Buck, 2012). As far as an intervention is right, a moral agency can be there for any actor to act on the populations behalf. It is argued by moralist that the state that should be allowed to intervene should be the state that has respect towards human rights. In the legal and political realm, however, it is general the interventions that are multilateral in nature which enjoys the legitimacy. In this essay, I would also like to argue that both politico-legal factors as well should aid in the determination of justifying who is to intervene. Unilateral action may be pre-empted by decisions that are collective. The UN in this context has the most appropriate place for leading the intervention process. In Iraq, the intervention from the US and the military response of NATO are Kosovo brought forth cries of doubt, and there was a general generation of suspicion among various other states too. It is because of the fact that there is the motive that ever state may be acting unilaterally is why unilateralism has been questioned time and again. The General Assembly of UN has evidence in ample with respect to the commitment to addressing and upholding the issues that are pressing and that may require intervention to be enforced (Lechner, 2010). UN has been entrusted by states and agents are authorized to further by UN for carrying out measures that are appropriate. The issue arises at the time when the UN is unable to come to a consensus with respect to such decisions. Meanwhile, there are atrocities which are being still carried on. In such a scenario it is important the prominence is given to force that is transnational, and an active role is to be given to them for getting out of this situation of paralysis. In extreme cases, there is a partial consensus which is there among the states that are liberal that there exists a moral right of intervention is cases which are extreme in nature. It is, however, necessary that the states that are involved in the process of decision should not be acting in a manner that is for their own interest. It is argued by so moralist that obligations and rights for intervention are restored instantly if the measures of collective fail. It is however with the caution that such situation is required to be treated. There would be certain exceptions to it which can be made, if it were certain that the country which was intervening was in a position of being able to carry out the intervention in the manner that is the effect, and there is no ulterior motive which is there behind. There however still at all times mixed with this intervention an ulterior motive for the party which is intervening whether it is only one actor which is involved or whether it is multiple actors there is not compulsion or obligation on the state to intervene at a cost that is grave to itself. Thus, since the resources are very finite thus a state would only apply t his limited resources it has to intervention there needs necessarily to be a benefit that the state has for itself (Miller, 1995). The Bangladesh case is another case in point in the year 1971. Bangladesh was known formerly as East Pakistan. Had there been a General Assembly for the Council of the UNs security then it is likely that such an intervention would have been decided against due to their being a an opposition from China and USA are great powers. The decision that India took of intervening in Bangladesh was dependent solely on it own political decision. However, it aided in providing an effecting stopping to the atrocities that were occurring in Bangladesh and helping push Bangladesh and it freedom fighters towards the victory of the Pakistani Army's over occupying (Lechner, 2010). However, it needs to be clarified that intervention dos do not refer only to the use of force. Though in most cases of humanitarian intervention use of force is involved, and this is extremely important for its success that pursuance of the same should be in a manner that is forceful. The aim that overarches is that the oppressor should be defeated, who are carrying out heinous acts of oppressions such as ethnic cleansing or genocide etc. there may also be the attempt towards the method that are non-coercive during the start of the intervention through efforts that are diplomatic. Sanctions have also proved to be a useful method for pressurizing the states that are rough. Nevertheless, the military which is coercive is justified when there is the failure from all other types measures. In the case of Bosnia this was exemplified, where there had been repeated efforts which were failing for dealing with the situation without declaring a war against the perpetrators. There was humanitari an relief that was brought for the victims and there was some level of protection from the workers that was provided for the relief workers protection but there was no success that was achieved for creating in Bosnia a zone that was safe. The concern that remains is that the principle of non-intervention's relaxation would case more number of actions of military by the state. Though there is some validity to these concerns however, there is no direction provided by them for finding a solution for it. There is an emergence of an international community which will be able to override the risks that interventions which are unilateral have. There has been a success in the cosmopolitan actors in impacting the agenda setting for the affairs that are international. As was stated by Kofi Anan the former UN General Secretary that there is a need for the protection of human rights are not for the protection of those who are abusing it (Philpott, 2003). Further, it can be stated that a strong argument can be made that human interventions that are based solely on purposes that are humanitarian have chances of failing. Intervention are extremely costly unless there is some kind of self-interest which drives it otherwise it is only half-heartedly that they are carried out in some cases the use of resources for intervention that is cross-border becomes counter-productive for the state. This Kosovo and Somalia intervention corroborate this. The argument that has been developed in this essay is the realist in nature. It is in the political and legal sphere that the mechanics and procedure of intervention lie. The granting of licensing key role should ideally be with the UN. It is necessary to be able to aid those who are vulnerable that a clear consensus is reached by the actors at the international level. Reference ARBOUR, L. (2008). The responsibility to protect as a duty of care in international law and practice. Review of International Studies, 34(03). Argument and change in world politics: ethics, decolonization, and humanitarian intervention. (2003). Choice Reviews Online, 40(11), pp.40-6679-40-6679. Bellamy, A. (2005). Responsibility to Protect or Trojan Horse? The Crisis in Darfur and Humanitarian Intervention after Iraq. Ethics International Affairs, 19(02), pp.31-54. Chung, A. (n.d.). Legitimacy of Humanitarian Intervention: A Liberal Defence. SSRN Electronic Journal. Ciurea, A. (2015). Humanitarian business/Humanitarian intervention: ideas in action. Resilience, 3(1), pp.87-92. Criddle, E. (2015). Three Grotian Theories of Humanitarian Intervention. Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 16(2). Ethics, Law, and Humanitarian Intervention:. (2014). Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 97(2), pp.228-238. Hill, T. (2009). KANT AND HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION1. Philosophical Perspectives, 23(1), pp.221-240. Jayakumar, K. (n.d.). Humanitarian Intervention: A Legal Analysis. SSRN Electronic Journal. Jean Buck, H. (2012). Geoengineering: Re-making Climate for Profit or Humanitarian Intervention?. Development and Change, 43(1), pp.253-270. Lechner, S. (2010). Humanitarian Intervention: Moralism versus Realism?. International Studies Review, 12(3), pp.437-443. Lewy, G. (1993). The case for humanitarian intervention. Orbis, 37(4), pp.621-632. Miller, T. (1995). Shifting boundaries. Women's Studies International Forum, 18(3), pp.299-309. Nardin, T. and Williams, M. (2006). Humanitarian intervention. New York: New York University Press. Nzelibe, J. (n.d.). Courting Genocide: The Unintended Effects of Humanitarian Intervention. SSRN Electronic Journal. Philpott, D. (2003). Argument and Change in World Politics: Ethics, Decolonization, and Humanitarian Intervention, Neta C. Crawford (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 466 pp., $85 cloth, $30 paper. Ethics International Affairs, 17(01), pp.178-181. Rajan, M. (2000). "The New Interventionism"?. International Studies, 37(1), pp.31-40. Roberts, A. (2000). The So-called Right of Humanitarian Intervention. YHL, 3, p.3. Roberts, A. (2000). The So-called Right of Humanitarian Intervention. YHL, 3, p.3.

Redbull Marketing Communications free essay sample

Redbull Marketing Communications Digital Campaigns Clarisonic launched a campaign in October 2010, Breast Cancer Awareness Month, in which the company promised to donate 1$ for every new like they received on their facebook fan page. Clarisonic used Facebook advertising, email blasts, twitter, youtube and even their own blog â€Å"Sonic Chatter† to spread the word about their new ‘like’ campaign. Clarisonic objectives included adding a thriving social media section to Clarisonic’s traditional cause marketing for nonprofit. Furthermore, Clarisonic wanted to increase awareness of their brand and products, as well as increase awareness of their Facebook page. Another objective, which was the most direct objective, was to raise money for â€Å"Look Good†¦Feel Better. † Attaching their name to this cause also allowed them to increase sales for their specialized products like Pink Clarisonic, which also benefits the â€Å"Look Good†¦Feel Better† charity. Clarisonic also aimed at marketing beyond their typical target audience of women in their late 20s-50s. We will write a custom essay sample on Redbull Marketing Communications or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some limitations that were faced was that it was only a two month project and although it attracted a lot of views, interactions, and new Facebook fans, they would have to constantly engage the new fans that were outside their target market, who may not be interested in their actual products being sold. Partnering with â€Å"Look Good†¦Feel Better† was a perfect fit for this campaign because both companies focused on transmitting a message of empowerment. Redbull: On October 14, 2012 the world witnessed a breathtaking experiment; Red Bull Stratos. It took viewers to the edge of space and it was all organized by a private organization, Red Bull. The Red Bull Stratos mission was a record breaking event, one which saw Felix Baumgartner free fall from more than 23 miles above the earth, breaking a free falling world record while becoming the biggest digital live event on record. It reignited a yearning for the extreme, and created a distinct association with what was Extreme and Redbull. The objectives of Redbull marketers was to reach a lot of people, to excite them, give them something to talk about and look forward to and then to directly relate this â€Å"coolness† to drinking their product. They wanted to break world records, not only in the actual freefalling aspect but the hype around the event. This hype could then be translated hopefully in an increase of brand awareness and in turn, an in crease in sales for Redbull. Clarisonic: Clarisonic targeted current consumers of their product by advertising about the campaign on their blog, which users of their product read, as well as non users by making the campaign goal not just relevant for women or those that are in their 20s, 30s. The campaign therefore targeted a much broader audience, those that frequent charity events and support a good cause, not simply women in the beauty care sector. By making their campaign about much more than a physical beauty care product but something that benefits the greater cause, they were able to target men and women of all ages who support cancer organizations and link this support of a good cause with their brand. Redbull: The audience that was targeted in the Redbull campaign was extreme sport enthusiasts as well as the entire world that would also be excited to watch a world record breaking event. The target audience was broad and expanded past extreme sport enthusiasts which most of Redbulls marketing targets. Clarisonic: Clarisonic campaign was extremely ethical as it raises awareness of a certain cancer fund, donates money to the fund, and through these actions is able to also increase awareness of their brand and better their image. Had most of this money not gone to a cancer organization, and just gone to supporting the brand, perhaps it would be less ethical. Redbull: One could argue that the risk involved in this campaign was too much to be considered an ethical campaign for Redbull. Yes, it attracted a lot of new consumers and created record-breaking brand awareness but it was at the risk of being at the cost of a human life, which is unethical. Clarisonic: They were extremely successful in one of their main objectives, which was to raise money for the Look Good†¦Feel Better cancer organization seeing as they raised $1 million dollars and increased awareness of this great organization. â€Å"Likes† as well as interaction on their Facebook page continued to grow even after the two month campaign and n 2010 alone, their selling of their â€Å"Hope† Mia skincare brush more than doubled compared the previous year. Clearly no one can know for sure if it was directly because of the â€Å"like† campaign but it is safe to say that the increased awareness did contribute to an increase in sales of Clarisonic products. The like campaigne increased Clarisonics fan page by 80 percent. Redbull: Without a doubt Redbull achieved its objectives of showi ng the world something that has never done before and reemphasizing their brand motto â€Å" Redbull gives you wings. This event had a huge brand impact on Redbull. Not only did this campaign beat records and was unprecedented scientifically, it was also beating records in a brand marketing perspective. 1,000,000 distinct user accounts were involved in the conversation regarding RedBull Stratos with a suggested audience of this content being up to 90,000,000. 2,000,000 new accounts were subscribed for Red Bull updates within a span of 15 days surrounding the event, these updates included all brand presences in the digital world. These represent engaged consumers that could possibly one day turn into paying consumers of RedBull. Most campaigns, much like Clarisonic are dominated mostly by likes or â€Å"neutral commentary† yet Red Bull Stratos had unmatched positivity and meaningful interaction from people around the world; more specifically 820,000 pieces of extremely positive content was created in regards to Redbull Stratos. 50,000 distinct links were shared about Red Bull Stratos. More than 8 million concurrent live streams of the Redbull Stratus jump on YouTube was had which was the largest in Youtube’s history. This kind of huge reach transcends RedBull Stratos and reaches Red Bull branding in almost ever single comment or interaction, which till this campaign and to this extent was unheard of. According to Vocus, sales of Redbull increased by 55% in the first few months following the campaign so already here we can see that not only did this boost brand awareness and image, it had a direct impact on offline consumer behavior. Clarisonic was always tied to cancer awareness funds in the past, their product line, Pink Clarisonic previously donated some proceeds to the Feel good, look better fund so this new â€Å"like† campaign wasn’t a trigger of some outside market force, it was more an expansion of what was already underway internally in their brand image and concept of empowerment. Furthermore Breast Cancer awareness month was also somewhat of a trigger to tie their brand with this month awareness. Clarisonic competitors are low priced beauty products such as Olay Pro X which did not stray from their traditional marketing ways despite the success of Clarisonics like campaign. Personally, I would make this marketing communication campaign longer than two months, allowing the attention that Clarisonic was receiving to be exploited further. I would also allow fans that mentioned Clarisonic on twitter to receive small samples of new products Clarisonic has, thereby engaging target consumers with the actual product at hand. Timing of this campaign was definetly in Clarisonics Favor. Breast cancer awareness month is a time where many want to donate themselves to the cause and this like campaign allowed them to do so effortlessly and without their own money, simply their participation in a brand they may not have been aware of. Connecting themselves with Breast Cancer Awareness month also lends greatly to a better image for Clarisonic. Twitter did not participate greatly in this campaign other than to advertise for the campaign on facebook. Salespeople were not utilized in this champagne either which also could have further helped promote their products as well as their like digital campaign. Redbull: Redbull was always tagged with an idea of extreme sports, they sponsored athletes, had their own extreme sport web episodes, and could be found at most sporting events. Therefore, the fact that this was the company that decided to do something so extreme and create so much digital hype around this event was definetly no surprise considering past records of RedBull. It was not triggered by stunts pulled by their competitors. The Redbull Stratos was able to reach millions more than their usual marketing antics. I would not recommend a thing to the Redbull Stratos campaign, I think everything they did digitally to boost this campaign was genius. The message was simple; Redbull gives you wings and with a record-breaking free fall, they proved this. Millions will always associate the feeling of â€Å"cool† and â€Å"extreme† with drinking RedBull, and that in my opinion, can only be done by indirect selling of their drinks. No commercial or online campaign could create such brand association by simply telling consumers how cool their drink is.

The Development of the Federal Reserve Essay Example For Students

The Development of the Federal Reserve Essay To guard against this possibility, bankers prior to the establishment of the Federal Reserve would establish lines of credit with larger banks. In the event of a run, the smaller bank would draw on the line of credit. The larger banks, or central banks, to keep shady small-time operators out of business, evaluated the line of credit. Nobody would invest serious money to a small bank not protected against a run by a larger partner. However, the system was not perfect. In times of panic, large numbers of depositors would demand to withdraw their money. Only the largest Wall Street banks, with millions of dollars in reserve, could guard against this. Stories of bank runs- tales of people running to withdraw all their cash from their accounts- may seem dramatic, almost theatrical to people today. But to people living in an economically unstable society, like the early twentieth century, they were an expected occurrence. The banks were independent rivals, the amount of currency in circulation was fixed, and there was no element of trust between the depositor and the bank. The banks, in an attempt to avoid bank runs, were hoarding their money. We will write a custom essay on The Development of the Federal Reserve specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now However in order to hoard the money, they did not lend any out, bringing the economy to a standstill. The credit system of the country had ceased to operate, and thousands of firms went into bankruptcy. Something had to be done that would provide for a flexible amount of currency as well as provide cohesion between banks across the United States. A large regulated bank, like the Federal Reserve could make this happen. The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 helped to establish banks as a united force working for the people instead of independent agencies working against each other. By providing a flexible amount of currency, banks did not have to hoard their money in fear of a bank run. Because of this, there was no competitive edge to see who could keep the most currency on hand and a more expansionary economy was possible. The evolution of the Federal Reserve did not begin on December 23, 1913 with the passage of the Federal Reserve Act. Rather, it began with the Banking Panic of 1907, the most severe of the four national banking panics that had occurred in the precious thirty-four years. During this time several large corporations and stock brokerages went bankrupt that summer. Stock prices fell, causing traders to withdraw money from banks to cover their losses. There was a recession looming nationwide. It was a terrible situation that needed help or it could keep deteriorating and produce a panic far worse than any previous panics. J.P. Morgan, the legendary founder of one of Wall Streets largest investment banks, swung into action to meet the crisis. He assembled a team of bank and trust executives who met around the clock in Morgans library every day for three weeks. The men had every incentive to act forcefully. Their own businesses and vast fortunes were on the line. Under Morgans direction, the team redirected money from strong to weak banks, secured further lines of credit overseas, and bought stock in distressed but still sound corporations. Within a few weeks the panic passed, with only minimal effects on the country.Morgan did not receive the thanks of a grateful nation. A House of Representatives committee investigated Morgan. Morgan, it turned out, had profited by his actions in saving the country. The stocks he had purchased at fire sale prices had increased in value and this could not be tolerated. In response to this, a committee was established to find the flaws of the current banking system. This committee, the National Monetary Commission, found there were two main flaws dominating the system. First, the currency was not responsive to changes in demand. .uf2c317336a6a07effb9e5f5b85b36de9 , .uf2c317336a6a07effb9e5f5b85b36de9 .postImageUrl , .uf2c317336a6a07effb9e5f5b85b36de9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf2c317336a6a07effb9e5f5b85b36de9 , .uf2c317336a6a07effb9e5f5b85b36de9:hover , .uf2c317336a6a07effb9e5f5b85b36de9:visited , .uf2c317336a6a07effb9e5f5b85b36de9:active { border:0!important; } .uf2c317336a6a07effb9e5f5b85b36de9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf2c317336a6a07effb9e5f5b85b36de9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf2c317336a6a07effb9e5f5b85b36de9:active , .uf2c317336a6a07effb9e5f5b85b36de9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf2c317336a6a07effb9e5f5b85b36de9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf2c317336a6a07effb9e5f5b85b36de9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf2c317336a6a07effb9e5f5b85b36de9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf2c317336a6a07effb9e5f5b85b36de9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf2c317336a6a07effb9e5f5b85b36de9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf2c317336a6a07effb9e5f5b85b36de9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf2c317336a6a07effb9e5f5b85b36de9 .uf2c317336a6a07effb9e5f5b85b36de9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf2c317336a6a07effb9e5f5b85b36de9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Psychology book report Essay This meant that the bank had a fixed amount of currency, regardless of the demand for it. If people wanted to withdraw more money than the bank carried, then the bank had no way of providing the extra money. This led into the second problem of the bank, the fact that it was prone to panic. If people could not get their money out, then they panicked, and these panics drove banks out of business. In 1913, Congress created the Federal Reserve System and converted central banking into a government monopoly. All nationally chartered banks were required to maintain reserves with a regional Federal Reserve Bank. The regional reserve banks would be managed not for profit but in the public interest, by political appointees.The Act divided the country into twelve districts, each district with its own banking center. The banks within each district were then divided up with respect to size, so that small banks, medium banks, and large banks all have the same voting power. An appointed board of governors would oversee all bank operations within their respective districts, and the Federal Reserve would control the distribution of all currency. The Federal Reserve Act also required that all nationally chartered banks must be members of the Federal Reserve System. The bill passed through Congress with little difficulty, thanks to the Democratic stronghold in both houses, and President Wilson passed the act into law December 23, 1913. However, it was not met without criticism. It was said to have reflected the rooted dislike and distrust of banks and bankers that has been for many years and there should not be absolute political control over the business of banking. Despite some strong opposition it was made clear that although government influence would be present, it was designed to be free from personal or party politics. The public, much quicker than Wilson had anticipated, as he described the Act as a constitution of peace for the private businesses of the nation, accepted the Act quickly. The Act was not perfect, however, and the last sentence of the Act states: The right to amend, alter, or repeal this Act is hereby expressly reserved. In fact, an overlying theme of the Federal Reserve Act was one of uncertainty; and many of the provisions used language like under the rules and regulations to be specified by the Federal Reserve Board, and subject to review and determination of the Federal Reserve Board. The rules had to be developed as the game was learned. Though not an ideal system, the Federal Reserve Act did solve the problem of a flexible currency. The Federal Reserve Act helped to stabilize the volatile banking system. No longer were banks independent organizations working against each other. Now they were secure interrelated operations. The Federal Reserve Act worked because it eliminated the competition to hoard money between the banks and put the power into the hands of the government. Now, credit could be made available to expanding businesses, jobs could be created, and the banks would no longer have to worry about bank runs running them out of business. Because of the Federal Reserve Act, the economy could once again become expansionary with confidence

Informative Essay Samples For Your Career

Informative Essay Samples For Your CareerInformative essay samples are a must for a student's career in the academic arena. These workbooks are meant to guide a student through the writing process and contain a multitude of different topics ranging from language, composition, research, and more. An academic writing course will give students sample essays with topics written by top scholars and authorities in the field of the topic. It is important to ensure that the student knows how to apply what is written within the essay.You can easily find informative essay samples through various resources. Many schools and universities will have libraries that contain several types of them. The resources available in libraries are an invaluable resource. These types of resources are accessed without charge by students who want to do research on a specific topic. They can also have these resources reviewed to determine whether the information contained within them is valuable.The purpose of the se worksheets and other resources is to give a student a chance to demonstrate their ability and the things they have learned from taking the classes in the course. This can be done by simply writing a sample essay that contains the necessary information to have a successful career. Students should use their resourcefulness and skill to come up with a relevant and useful argument that can give meaning to the information in the worksheet.If a student finds that they have researched and evaluated the information from a number of sources they can then include it in a comprehensive essay and submit it to a professional association's information for review. In addition to this review, the student may also want to make comments or feedback on the article they were assigned.The grade for essays received from this service will be based on the number of word count that was used in the writing of the essay. There is also a commonality factor which is actually a median average of all essays th at were written by the student. The higher the median average is, the better the student has done. In addition to this, there is a minimum score that is allowed for an essay.If an essay is accepted for grading, the student will receive a grade, which is the minimum possible grade for the essay. The number given reflects the total grade point average of the student for the essay that was submitted to the essay journal. Some essays are graded according to specific topics, such as a research paper or thesis based on a certain topic.Informative essay samples can be found online and through free resources. However, it is important that you remember to read the description, the rules and guidelines on usage, and the submission guidelines before submitting your essay. This is a good way to make sure that your essay will be accepted by a journal and if not, will be put into consideration for another year's course.