Private Sector And Energy Critical Infrastructure Essay

Private Sector in Energy Critical Infrastructure Energy is an important necessity that most society cannot live without especially in the Western culture. With today’s technological advancement, the reliance of power is more than ever. Businesses, transportation systems, and all the way down to individual household relies on power. Without power, the US in particular, will not be able to function properly and this is why energy is one of the critical assets. The US needs the energy infrastructure to fuel its economy because without power, the US economy will not be able to function as well as health and welfare of its citizens will be threatened (DHS, 2016). The Energy Sector is divided into three subsectors; they are electricity, oil, and natural gas (Department of Homeland Security, 2015, p. 3). The private sector owns more than 80 percent of the US’s energy infrastructure responsible in supplying the fuel needs of the country most especially to businesses, transportation systems, and its citizens (DHS, 2016) . Businesses, transportation industry, and citizens are vital for the US economy maintain its operational efficiency. The private sector’s role in securing the energy infrastructure is more than ever. This paper will discuss the prevalent risks and threats of each energy subsectors and the overall risks or threats that the Energy Sector currently faces. Also, this paper will also discuss the private sector’s roles and responsibilities in enhancing itsShow MoreRelatedInformation Security For The Energy Sector1549 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the energy sector is an important and necessary responsibility for the government institutions in the United States if the nation is to continue enjoying peace. After the 9/11 attacks, every citizen of the United States is always in fear of what could happen if an attack is waged. Going by the magnitude of the 9/11 attacks, any new attack would catch the country any time and from any quarters. Having this in mind, the security appa ratus tasked with securing information in the energy sector shouldRead MoreComponents Of Energy Supply Chain1383 Words   |  6 PagesComponents of energy supply chain The Energy Supply Chain comprises of three broad components including energy commodity, network services, and retail services. Energy commodity refers to the examples of available energy sources in the economy. The USA relies on petroleum, gas and electricity power sources to drive the other critical infrastructures. The authorities oversee the distribution of power using secure network services. The interconnected supply channels of power involve extracting energy fromRead MoreAn Earthquake Scenario And How It Affects The Energy Sector1254 Words   |  6 PagesToday’s dynamic threats to American assets and infrastructure require the capability of security entities, at all levels, to communicate and integrate effectively. Critical Infrastructure (CI) is a key area that must be protected. This paper will focus on the energy sector and analyze: specific goals and objectives; an assessment of and analysis of risks; sector specific implementations of risk management; and measure the effectiveness of the current procedures in place. This paper will focus onRead MoreCjus254 Unit 5 Ip1349 Words   |  6 PagesCJUS254-1601A-01 Professor: Joseph Moore Abstract My director is not aware of the relationships between the Department of Homeland Security and private sector companies. She has requested an information paper that shows her why these relationships are important, as well as how the DHS uses these companies as a tool for the protection of critical infrastructure and key resources. To: Director, Executive Secretariat of the Office of the Secretary, DHS From: Action Officer, Executive SecretariatRead MoreThe Emergency Management Response Team1581 Words   |  7 Pageselectric is a regulated distribution and transmission business of the private sector and owned by a limited number of investors. Oncors’ responsibility is to deliver reliable and safe electricity to the private sectors, so they can have the power to maintain productivity by keeping the backbone of our economy (oncor 2012). We are known as the â€Å"poles and wires† infrastructure company, we manage our business like the private sector does and our company invests in the latest technology and by puttingRead MoreA Critical Infrastructure Protection Is Not Just A National Issue But Also A Global Responsibility816 Words   |  4 Pages EDM: Case Four Name Institutional Affiliations Introduction Critical Infrastructure Protection is not just a national issue but also a global responsibility. Perl Report introduces the importance of International Cooperation. The accrued benefits increase the desired need to form agreements between nations to share necessary scientific knowledge helpful in mitigating vulnerability. For example, the agreement between German and Homeland Security of the United States provides collaborativeRead MoreNational Infrastructure Protection Plan For Implementing National Preparedness1469 Words   |  6 Pagesthe greatest amount of oversite on the power grid are the Department of Homeland Defense (DHS), The Department of Energy (DOE) and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). Department of Homeland Security DHS is tasked with creating a national infrastructure protection plan for all critical infrastructure in the country. The plan is designed to ensure critical infrastructure is safe, secure and reliable enough to prevent, withstand or neutralize deliberate efforts by terrorist to exploitRead MoreCyber Security Role For Homeland Security Intelligence1153 Words   |  5 Pagesfrom critical infrastructure, government information to money is being digitalized to the internet. Furthermore, it gave a showed a new front in which our nation can be attacked via cyber space. The Cyber security role for Homeland Security intelligence has become increasingly worrisome. Due to the fact that the cyber security of the nation has become increasingly targeted by foreign organizations, countries, and terrorists. One of the most potentially damaging targets is the nation’s critical infrastructureRead MoreFunding Energy Infrastructure : Funding1549 Words   |  7 PagesFunding Energy Infrastruc ture Funding TSD nationally presents significant challenges due to the diverse types of infrastructure, geographic distribution, and variety of owners/operators. i. Petroleum Funding transportation infrastructure that supports petroleum requires leveraging funding from the Federal government as the primary revenue source due to its geographic dispersal across the nation. A multi-tiered approach must be taken to ensure that infrastructure is properly identified and prioritizedRead MoreWhat Is The Healthcare And Public Health-Specific Plan743 Words   |  3 PagesHealthcare and Public Health Sector-Specific Plan Introduction Healthcare access is currently a hot topic within American media and under great political debate. The current Administration of this country is defunding and restructuring Healthcare and Public Health resouces as a whole. What happens when this critical infrastructure is in jeopardy of functioning as intended for the protection and welfare of this nations people in an emergency or disaster? The country depends on the stability and accessibility

Vews And Impact On Slavery Nat Turners Rebellion

This essay is about the Nat Turner’s Rebellion. In the duration of the essay I will be answering the following questions. The following questions are, principles of participants. The development of the Rebellion. The category of Turner. Education and Religion in the rebellion. What happened after the rebellion. VIews and impact on slavery. Nats Turner’s Rebellion was led by Nat Turner ofcourse due to his input and impact on the uprising of slaves and their owners. There were also people called militias that were apart of the Rebellion. Militias though eventually executed 100 of african americans. Slaves were people who were owned by contract or some form of payment/payback, work on plantations or in houses looking after their†¦show more content†¦But he was raised as someone owned and not free. He saw killings and hangings of his people, friends, and family. Turner had thought that it was the whites fault. Which in actuality it was. He did know some whites were nice and did not do anything. But he knew most were cruel and deserved what was coming to them. So, to look at his future you get an idea why he did what he did. In two days he murdered many people and the rebellion was done for that part but would continue. From all information and assumptions made from and for Nat Turner I would say that he is most definitely the leader and general of the Rebellion known as Nats Rebellion. For religious purposes there was differentiation to African Americans going to church even if enslaved. African Americans had no rights according to whites, even if free. So, for them to go to church it was a big deal. For them to go to church there must have been a white pastor. He would preach and the people would listen. Enslaved African Americans were rare to go to church because of how they had to work on the farm or for the family after the people they work for came home from their church. Education war poor. They didn’t get to learn how to read. Free slaves could learn but it would not be as much as white students. The reasoning behind slaves not learning was their work on plantations and the owners would not pay for education for an African American. Now, some slaves could learn how to read and learn through

Oligopolistic Companies and How They Compete - 1234 Words

Oligopolistic is a market structure which under the imperfect competition. According to Sloman Garratt, oligopoly is only few large firms share a large portion of industry and control the market. When we hear that a term about â€Å"Big three†, â€Å"Big four† or â€Å"Big five† it can be set down as oligopolistic industry. In the oligopoly market competition, depends on the firms produce homogeneous or differentiated products and it will be categorize as homogeneous oligopoly or differentiated oligopoly. As Mcconell Brue, 2008 stated because of the small number of firms, oligopolistic have worthy of consideration command over the prices and they have to think about their competitors conceivable reaction to their product`s price, product`s quality, advertising outlays and so on. The few large firms are interdependent but they have to always be awake of competitor`s action to maintain their firm can stand strong in the industries. Oligopolistic have a strong bar riers of entry for the new competitors, which alike and dedicative by the pure monopoly. According to Jackson, Mclver Wilson stated oligopolistic industries have a large economies of scale have to be consider for the new competitors because they must have a large amount of capital to invest heavy on the technology in the beginning, and this is the prevention of new competitors can easily enter to the industry. Furthermore, there are many industries are counted as oligopolistic for instance mining, steel, soft drinks, airlines,Show MoreRelatedThe Merger Of U.s. Airways And American Airlines1170 Words   |  5 PagesAirlines, most people would now agree we are living in the age of airline oligopoly. Oligopolies form when there’s a state of restricted competition, and new companies cannot break into the industry for reasons like high-entry costs or government restrictions. This is the condition of the airline industry, today. In order to breach the oligopolistic nature of the airline industry, airlines must be able to break through high barriers to entry such as: retaining substantial capital requirements, havingRead MoreCereal: the Manufacturing Industry1164 Words   |  5 Pagesvast industry stems from the late 1800s when John Harvey Kellogg and C. W. Post began cereal production in Battle Creek, Michigan (Topher). Today, numerous types and varieties of cereal line the grocery store shelves. However, only a few select companies make every one of those different kinds of cereal. There are four different categories into which economists classify industries. These categories are perfect competition, monopolistic competition, oligopoly, and monopoly. Each of these fourRead MoreOligoplistic Markets in Terms of Structure and Market Conduct808 Words   |  4 PagesOligopolistic markets, such as supermarkets or car manufacturing, can be defined in terms of market structure or in terms of market conduct. An oligopolistic market is one that has several dominant firms with the power to influence the market they are in; an example of this could be the supermarket industry which is dominated by several firms such as Tesco, Sainsbury’s, and Waitrose etc... Furthermore an oligopolistic market can be defined in terms of its structure and its conduct, which involveRead MoreMarket Structure Of The Uk Supermarket Sector1600 Words   |  7 Pages1.0 INTRODUCTION: Second part of this report will evaluate arguments and present conclusions about the UK supermarket sector being described as oligopolistic and how oligopolistic markets often suffer from collusion. This report will present findings if UK supermarket sector is oligopolistic or otherwise. 2.0 FINDINGS: 3.0 Market structures: Market structures are classified with regards to the competition – either their presence or absence. There are different types of market structures: perfectRead MoreForms of Industrial Organziation1432 Words   |  6 Pagesrespects: the number of firms in the industry, whether those firms produce a standardized product or try to differentiate their products from those of other firms, and how easy or how difficult it is for firms to enter the industry (McConnell Brue, 2004). This paper further defines each market structure and provides an example of a company representing each market structure. Monopoly A monopoly exists when a specific individual or an enterprise has sufficient control over a particularRead MoreCoca Cola As A Multinational Beverage Company Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Coca-Cola Company is a multinational beverage company that deals with manufacturing, retailing, and marketing. In addition, Coca-Cola Company markets its products and distributes to various retailers all over the world. The company came into being about one hundred and thirty years ago (Eldred, 2008). The organization is best known for its lead item Coca-Cola, created in 1886 by drug specialist John Stith Pemberton in Columbus, Georgia. The Coca-Cola recipe and brand was purchasedRead MoreMarket Structure Of The Uk Supermarket Sector1527 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION: Second part of this report will evaluate arguments and present conclusions about the UK supermarket sector being described as oligopolistic and how oligopolistic markets often suffer from collusion. This report will present findings if UK supermarket sector is oligopolistic or otherwise. 2.0 FINDINGS: Market structures: Market structures are classified with regards to the competition – either their presence or absence. There are different types of market structures: perfect competitionRead MoreMarket Structure of Petrol Companies952 Words   |  4 PagesPetrol companies have the market structure of an oligopoly. An oligopoly is a market structure where there are a few dominant firms whose behavior is interdependent. There are a few dominant firms relative to market size, and they each command a large proportion of the market share, thus having strong monopoly power. Examples of petrol companies include Shell, Caltex and Exxon Mobil. Their demand curve is downward sloping, meaning that they are price setters. Petrol is a homogeneous product, henceRead More Laptops - Dell, Apple, HP Essay1639 Words   |  7 PagesLaptops - Dell, Apple, HP Supply is the amount of a product suppliers are willing to make and sell at a number of possible prices. The firm that I have chosen are a multinational company called ?Dell?. My firm that I have chosen to use produces many products such as; computers, handheld computers, laptops, printers, mouse and keyboards, flat monitor screens. It also sells computer accessories and separate repair parts like; hard-disks, DVD-RW drives. It sells products like CD-RW and DVD-RWRead MoreEssay about The Structure of Australia’s Banking Industry1252 Words   |  6 Pagesstructure, performance and conduct of banks are important as they ensure that they act competitively, however in Australia the market is dominated by four major banks threatening competition. The structure in the Australian banking industry is fairly oligopolistic, decreasing the amount of competition evident in the market. Performance of the dominating banks has shown an increase in the profitability and return of assets compared to international banks in a freer market. Through minimal competition, the

Why Homelessness Is Worldwide And Social Problem - 866 Words

First and foremost, how do we define a homeless person? According to National Health Care for the Homeless Council, homeless is defined as â€Å"an individual who lacks housing, including an individual whose primary residence during the night is a supervised public or private facility that provides temporary living accommodations, and an individual who is a resident in a transitional housing† (â€Å"definition of homelessness,† n.d.). It is important to recognize that homelessness is worldwide and social problem because it is directly affected by large social forces that affects individual’s social life. In a research made by Coalition for the homeless says that in December 2015, there were 60,096 homeless people in New York City, including 14,553 homeless families with 23,885 homeless children. Moreover, this becomes a social problem, due in large involvement to structural inequality and it affects a wide variety of people that can range from those people experi encing mental illness, domestic violence, eviction, family relationship breakdown, health crises, poverty, substance abuse and unemployment. These reasons can be the precipitating factor in the onset of homelessness. Photo taken from nydailynews.com One of the sociological theories that can be used to explain homelessness is Marxism. Marxism is based on idea of Karl Marx (1818-1883), who is a sociologist, historian, revolutionary and an economist. His theory focuses on society, economics and politics, which is termedShow MoreRelatedWhy Homelessness Is Worldwide And Social Problem858 Words   |  4 Pagestransitional housing† (â€Å"definition of homelessness,† n.d.). It is important to recognize that homelessness is worldwide and social problem because it is directly affected by large social forces that affects individual’s social life. In a research made by Coalition for the homeless says that in December 2015, there were 60,096 homeless people in New York city, including 14,553 homeless families with 23, 885 homeless children. Moreover, this becomes a social problem, due in large part to structural inequalityRead MoreHomeless On A Single Winter Night Essay1507 Words   |  7 Pages2015). Worldwide, acqui ring an accurate picture of homelessness has proven challenging due to varying definitions country to country. Furthermore, data on homelessness has also proven to be extremely sparse in many parts of the world. The last worldwide survey was attempted by the United Nations. Based on the survey it was estimated that 100 million people were homeless across the world (United Nations, 2005). Due to the lack of data, greater focus should be placed on the issue of homelessness. ConsideringRead MoreWhy Do People Become Homelss1750 Words   |  7 PagesM1 ASSIGNMENT WHY PEOPLE BECOME HOMELESS AND WHY IT DOESN’T STOP LAVERNA MOORER ARGOSY UNIVERSITY Abstract This paper is going to present to you why people become homeless and why it does not stop Homelessness is a problem that have getting out of hands because of not addressing the situation on time. The focus is not so much the why but, if it will ever stop. Homelessness is a phenomenon that has so much to address research has been done; it was discover that for our government to concentrateRead MoreNegative Effects Of Homelessness1446 Words   |  6 PagesMany people tend to want to ask themselves the question, â€Å"Does homelessness affect me at all?† Typically, if homelessness isn’t affecting a certain individual or anyone that they’re close to, they tend to not want to help. From previous research done by Pergantis, Tolliver, Bishop, 2016, it is a known fact that about 578,242 people in America are considered to be homeless. People who were homeless back then done by were considered as disconnected from the world and they have also encountered psychological Read MoreThe Problem Of Homeless Children963 Words   |  4 Pagesbottle in a brown paper bag. However, homelessness for the past years has begun to be more visible. Homeless children are portrayed in welfare and academic literature as a category of children at risk. Whatever transpires in early childhood can affect a child s lifestyle. In young children, the results are harsh. Stress can result from major trauma, which can weaken the developing brain and lead to lifelong problems. Homelessness is becoming exceeding worldwide affecting countries with no regardRead MoreThe Disgrace of Veteran Homelessness Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pagesin the world as well as the strongest military. Yet even America falls prey to a social ill that plagues every society, that of the homelessness of its citizens. Shamefully of those homeless 23% are reported to be veterans, although the actual numbers may be much larger (Coalition for the Homeless). These soldiers gave of themselves for their country and now annually more than 500,000 of them experience homelessness (National Coalition for the Homeless). It is a disgraceful fact that in the greatestRead MoreThe Homeless Americ What Happens People Who Become Homeless1221 Words   |  5 PagesDo you ever wonder why there are so many people out there who don’t have anything but the clothes on their back and are out in the streets begging for whatever they can receive from others? Maybe they just were down on their luck. Some of them you would probably think was because of their own fault. Maybe it was, or maybe because of circumstances out of their control they just lost it all. Families as well as individuals can be homeless. The National Center on Family Homelessness notes that about one-thirdRead MoreDifferences Between Inequality And Class Differences1501 Words   |  7 Pagestwo strands Making Lives and Ordering Lives and discuss how they persist over time and will look particularly at economic inequality, homelessne ss and class differences. Concluding that the whole world is effected by continuing inequalities and differences, which is only getting worse. What is ‘Inequality? ‘it’s definition ‘The unequal distribution of valued social resources within a society or between societies’ (Blakeley Staples, (2014 ) p13, 25). Thus it is the unequal opportunities, betweenRead MoreThe Issues Of Homelessness Around The World2250 Words   |  9 Pages1. Introduction This report will be discussing the issues of homelessness around the world and in Australia. Homeless people are people who are living under rough circumstances due to money issues and other problems in the society, there are 100 million people estimated worldwide who are homeless. Those who are homeless all have a different story as to how they got there, usually having no support from their friends or family leaving them isolated and unwanted. This report will be covering theRead MoreHabitat for Humanity1727 Words   |  7 PagesHabitat for Humanity Habitat for Humanity International is a nonprofit, world-wide Christian housing ministry. Habitat for Humanity International seeks to eliminate poverty housing and homelessness from the world, and to make decent shelter a matter of conscience and action. â€Å"Habitat for Humanity works in partnership with God and people everywhere, from all walks of life, to develop communities with people in need by building and renovating houses so that there are decent houses in decent communities

Kant’s Categorical Imperatives Essay - 978 Words

In order to evaluate whether one’s actions are moral, we use many moral dilemmas. One of them is Kant’s categorical imperative. This essay presents Kant’s project of categorical imperative. Then, I will explain that rulers should appeal to Kant’s categorical imperative when making foreign policy decision. In order to support my point of view, I will give importance to the reasons of why rulers appeal to categorical imperative when making foreign policy, so I have two reasons for this. One of them is that states depend on each other in economically and politically. Thus, in order to provide this stability which means that continue to stay among other states, states should act through the principles of categorical imperative which are†¦show more content†¦In order to explain the first reason of why rulers should appeal to categorical imperative when making foreign policy decisions, we can think about the growing trade between the states. States beco me more interdependent when trades among various states expand. Interdependence is not only important economically but also politically because all economic or business activity depends on political positions of the states. When states trade between each other, they become mutually dependent on each other’s political advantages. Also, world markets are influenced by politics and state’s power in the world markets depends on its foreign policy. So, states should establish good relations with other states. For this reason, when making foreign policy decisions, ruler should appeal to categorical imperative. Firstly, rulers’ actions must be universally valid. If state’s foreign decisions are internally valid, then state cannot benefit from this politically and economically. For example, if the state decide to change the price of its export goods up without approval of other states, then states could not sell its goods whose price increase, because other state s want to buy the same goods from another country whose price is cheaper. Second point is that if state’s intention is bad and this kind of intention is understood by other states, this state is reproached by other states, which have a relation with this state. As a result ofShow MoreRelated Kants Categorical Imperative Essay1537 Words   |  7 PagesKants Categorical Imperative Deontology is the ethical view that some actions are morally forbidden or permitted regardless of consequences. One of the most influential deontological philosophers in history is Immanuel Kant who developed the idea of the Categorical Imperative. Kant believed that the only thing of intrinsic moral worth is a good will. Kant says in his work Morality and Rationality â€Å"The good will is not good because of what it affects or accomplishes or because of it’s adequacyRead Moreanalysis of Kants Categorical Imperative Essay2170 Words   |  9 PagesAnalysis of Kant’s Categorical Imperative in Metaphysics Grounding for the metaphysics of morals is a foundation of Kant’s philosophy, in this book, Kant wants to build up a moral kingdom of metaphysical. At first, Kant extracted categorical imperative from the concepts of goodness, will and obligation and enacted some rational principles, then, he plans to map out moral metaphysic through categorical imperative. However, he failed to do so owing to that his theory is founded on purely idealismRead MoreExamples Of Immanuel Kants Categorical Imperative1543 Words   |  7 PagesJordyn Elston Ethics Paper 2 JRN 6640 Immanuel Kants categorical imperative is a theory that basically relays the same message that most mothers teach their kids, and that is to do the right thing. The categorical imperative could be easily explained by the Golden Rule about treating others as you would like to be treated. Kant dives a little deep with his theory, however, and breaks the categorical imperative into three formulations. The first formulation is about essentiallyRead MoreUtilitarianism and Kants Categorical Imperative Essay1371 Words   |  6 PagesUtilitarianism and Kant’s Categorical Imperative The issues of morality are most clearly expressed through examples of different methods of analyzing a situation. The case of Holmes, an officer in charge of a sinking ship, shows the striking differences between philosopher Immanuel Kant’s beliefs and those of the Utilitarians. After Holmes’ ship sinks, there are twenty passengers in a lifeboat that is only meant to hold fourteen people. There was no time to send out a signal for help beforeRead More The Deontological Views of Capital Punishment Through the Works of Kant’s Categorical Imperative2071 Words   |  9 PagesPunishment has been used in the United States justice system for many years now, yet one must question whether or not it should be used at all. This paper will look at the Deontological views of capital punishment through the works of Kant’s categorical imperative. Arguments such as the unethical misuse of medical practice by physicians, who swear an oath to do everything in their pow er to save the lives of the people they care for, while using their expertise on an individual for an execution. AnotherRead MoreKant s Categorical Imperative Of Universal Laws And Humanity1440 Words   |  6 PagesKant’s Categorical Imperative of Universal Laws and Humanity People have an intrinsic worth above mere things or possessions. In order for people to cohabitate peacefully and respectively, there’s a need for universal laws based on good will and absolute moral beliefs. It is this moral belief which is based on reason and must be uniformly abided by. This allows humanity to function as an amicable society; an amicable society that is achieved by treating ourselves and others with respect andRead MoreKant s View On Ethics Essay1362 Words   |  6 Pageschallenged Kant’s firm stance by challenging it with theoretical situations in which lying might be the only right thing to do. Kant’s Principle of Humanity falls short by not recognize the possibility of a situation wherein the harm caused by one person’s use as a means outweighs that of another and is therefore an insufficient moral theory. In this paper, I will start by explaining Kant’s view on ethics through his use of categorical imperatives. I will detail what each of the imperative requiresRead MoreKants Moral Theory and Utilitarism Comparison Essay1166 Words   |  5 PagesKant’s moral theory and utilitarianism are two very different moral theories. Kant’s moral theory works off of the categorical imperative. Utilitarianism works off of the greatest happiness principle. Morality and right action are very different within these two theories, and the idea of slavery is a good example of the differences. Utilitarianism can allow slavery, whereas Kant’s moral theory cannot allow slavery. Kant’s moral theory uses the categorical imperative as its basis. The categoricalRead MoreKant s Categorical Imperative Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesyou mustn’t treat another human being as a means to an end. Kant’s Categorical Imperative (CI) is a deontological theory, which relied heavily on his belief that humans are all capable of reason in the same manner, on the same level (A Brief Summary of Kant s Categorical Imperative, 2012). Kant recognized 2 kinds of moral ‘imperatives’, a hypothetical imperative (what must be done to achieve a desired result) and Categorical imperatives (how one must act irrespective of one’s end goal/desires). ForRead MoreKant And The Categorical Imperative1177 Words   |  5 Pagesbehavior, a need which still remained. It was in this context that Kant came up with the idea he called categorical imperative, which are commands you must follow, regardless of your desires. In Kant’s view, the categorica l imperative is the voice of our rational selves, it’s what we all truly believe when we’re thinking sensibly, it’s the rule of our own intelligence gives us. We will discuss two of Kant’s formulations; The Universalization Formulation and The Formula of Humanity and the problems attached

Islamic Importance of Tawhid, Akhira, Books of Allah and...

Explain the Islamic beliefs about Tawhid, Akhira and the Books of Allah. Islam is described as a living religious system that applies to an estimated one billion people globally. The key beliefs in Islam revolve around the elements of Tawhid, Akhira and the Books of Allah. Tawhid is the most basic tenet in Islam, where each Muslim worships one omnipotent, omnipresent and omniscient deity and personality. It is the acknowledgment that Allah is the â€Å"Creator and Provider† and the belief in worshiping Allah’s many attributes. This is evidenced in the Qur’an, â€Å"Glorified be Allah, the Lord of the Throne, bow to He and what they attribute to Him!† [Surah Al Anbiya: 22]. In Islam, Allah set the requirement that humans must perpetually†¦show more content†¦However, various other sources aid the process. It is written, â€Å"In the Qur’an we put thee on the right way of religion so follow thou that way† [45:18]. An example is what is considered â€Å"Halal† (permitted) and â€Å"Haraam† (forbidden).The Sunna and Hadith are used second. The Sunnis use Ijma, the consensus of religious leaders whilst the Shi’ias turn to Imams and the Ayatollah, the leaders of the religion moved by div ine wisdom. After that Qiyas appears which finds similarity in one situation and applies analogies and teachings to another. The Five Pillars are defined as fundamental practice. They are: the Shahadah, declaration of faith, Salah (prayer), which is believed to â€Å"restrain one from shameful deeds†, Zakat (charity), Saum (fasting during Ramadan) and the Hajj (pilgrimage). As no bird can not fly conveniently with only one wing, a Muslim cant be welcomed in the Heavens unless he is keeping good balance of the two Islam wings. The Qur’an outlines how these foundational pillars are to be completed to balance adherent’s lives. Human beings are guided by Allah but they are ultimately the architects of their own destiny. Hence, God revealed the Qur’an, His keys to unlocking a righteous, spiritual and fulfilledShow MoreRelatedIslam Five Pillars1344 Words   |  6 PagesExplain and analyse the significance of the Five Pillars of Islam on the individual and the community making reference to the principal beliefs where relevant. Central to the Muslim belief is the importance of devotion and total submission to Allah. This is put into practice through the Five Pillars of Islam –the five obligatory duties that must be performed by all practising Muslims. These are the acts of faith, prayer, charity, fasting and pilgrimage. Carrying out these duties creates structureRead MoreThe Contribution Of Islam And Islam3730 Words   |  15 PagesRightly Guided Caliphs. Sayyid Qutb’s contributions lie in his books and writings, which express his values and perspectives. He wrote a total of 24 book and articles criticising the American way of living and the Arab world for trying to become westernised. Social Justice in Islam was written first, expressing his belief in tawhid (unity in God) and in Islam as the only way of life. He then joined the Muslim Brotherhood, contributing to Islamic perspectives as chief editor of the brotherhood’s newspaper

All The Pretty Horses Essay Example For Students

All The Pretty Horses Essay John Grady Cole, the last in a long line of west Texas ranchers, is, at sixteen, poised on the sorrowful, painful edge of manhood. When he realizes the only life he has ever known is disappearing into the past and that cowboys are as doomed as the Comanche who came before them, he leaves on a dangerous and harrowing journey into the beautiful and utterly foreign world that is Mexico. In the guise of a classic Western, All the Pretty Horses is at its heart a lyrical and elegiac coming-of-age story about love, friendship, and loyalty that will leave John Grady, and the reader, changed forever. When his mother decides to sell the cattle ranch he has grown up working, John Grady Cole and his friend Lacey Rawlins set out on horseback for Mexico, a land free of the fences and highways that have begun to invade west Texas, a land where the boys are not able to read the look in a mans eye. As they approach the Rio Grande, they are joined by the youthful and mysterious Jimmy Blevins, whose fine horse, hot-blooded temper, and talent with a pistol are as certain an omen of trouble as the desolate and forbidding landscape stretching out before them. In a violent and freakish thunderstorm, Blevins loses all his worldly possessions; and the foolhardy attempt to recover them soon brands the boys as horse thieves. On the run, they split up, with John Grady and Rawlins finding refuge on a hacienda where few questions are asked and a talent for breaking horses is still a source of honor, and where they fall into a routine as familiar to them as the shape of their saddles. At night, John Grady rides the patrons prized sire through the mountains beyond the hacienda in the company of Alejandra, the patrons beautiful daughter. But in a land as bound by honor and reputation as this is, the white-hot love between John Grady and this girl is as dangerous as anything they will face. When soldiers arrive to take John Grady and Rawlins away, the boys know it has nothing to do with Jimmy Blevins, but is instead because of some deeper, more elusive transgression that John Grady has committed in the name of love. With no one to plead their case, their fate is dire indeed. John Grady and Rawlins find themselves in a Mexican prison governed by stark violence. But in the hands of Cormac McCarthy this place takes on a dreamlike quality; it is not right or wrong, good or evil, but merely as inevitable a part of life as the sun setting in the West, something that must be faced in order for one to survive. All the Pretty Horses is the first volume in the Border Trilogy the second volume is entitled The Crossing; and the third, The Cities of the Plain, and this name implies that the text is as much about the arid and desolate landscapes and blood-red skies of the great Southwest as it is about the people who inhabit the region. Together the land and sky form a lyrical tapestry that colors and alters the narrative in subtle and unexpected ways. John Gradys journey leaves him wiser but saddened, yet out of this heartbreak comes the resilience of a man who has claimed his place in the world. There is no record of John Grady passing through customs on his return to the United States, but we realize he has much to declare. Written with the lyricism that has made McCarthy one of the great American prose stylists, All the Pretty Horses is at once a bittersweet and profoundly moving tale of love, loss, and redemption and a stunning portrait of Mexico. of fate and the weight of manhood.

Oral Communication in English free essay sample

Foreword Oral communication help students to improve their self, it fulfills a number of general and discipline-specific pedagogical functions. Learning to speak is an important goal in itself, for it equips students with a set of skills they can use for the rest of their lives. Speaking is the mode of communication most often used to offer explanations, transmit information, express opinions, make arguments and make impressions upon others. Students need to speak well in their personal lives, future workplaces, social interactions, and political endeavors.If basic instruction and opportunities to practice speaking are available, students position themselves to accomplish a wide range of goal and be useful members of their communities. Nowadays in this new millennium a usage of English has become an important language in Malaysian and it help instructors at a local college or university to teach students in their learning so that students will practices their self in oral communicate in English well. Besides that oral communication skill can take many forms, ranging from informal conversation that occurs spontaneously and, in most cases, for which the content cannot be planned, to participation in meetings, which occurs in a structured environment, usually with a set agenda. Oral communication is a unique and learned rhetorical skill that requires understanding what to say and how to say it. Unlike conversational speech, speech in more formal environments does not come naturally. As a speaker there are several elements of oral communication which needed to be aware in order to learn how to use them to his advantage.Speaker should learn how to communicate effectively with several other elements in the apart from the language. The Skills are eye contact, body language, style, understanding the audience, adapting to the audience, active and reflexive listening, politeness, precision, conciseness, etc. At tertiary level it is assumed that the learners know the basics of the language. At this level teaching speaking skills is irrelevant. What the teacher has to teach is the communication skills. For this he has to know the individual needs of the students.And this can be known in a better way when the learners perform a task in the class. Task-based approach seems to be suitable for teaching and learning these skills. In the communication process it like to prepare something for dinner, that mean we need few items to get the meal ready on the dinner table. Besides the ingredients, we may need the cooking utensils and electricity or gas to cook the food. Without this process to preparing the meal may not be cooking and it similar in the process of oral communication that needed to follow the process in early.It same when oral communication in English do where students need to know how to apply English in their oral communication so that their will speak with well. Teacher plays their role to ensure students will give exposure to follow up each method to help students in their communication. They are so important that without them communication may not be able to take place. In the communication there are seven elements process which are source, message, channel, receiver, feedback, noise and context or environment.All of this process help students do their oral communication in English more better and effective. 1. 1. 1Channel The channel is the medium used to convey the message. It can be in the forms of touch, smell, sound waves, light waves, visuals, or anything that may stimulate our senses. Nowadays, technological advances allow us to receive message not only from media channels such as the radio and television but also through the internet and satellite. 1. 1. 2 Context or environment The context or environment of communication can be a part of the noises that influence a communication process.They include the physical, time place and psychological situations as well as past and current knowledge of communicators involved. Communicators should consider all these factors to get an effective communication. For example, a speaker may find a difficulty in persuading the audience to change their bad smoking habit if they are not psychologically ready to accept the charge. 1. 1. 3 Feedback Feedback is the receiver’s response towards the source. For example, when we agree with a person’s statement, we usually nod while he or she is explaining the subject.A feedback informs the sender that the receiver has received the message conveyed. In the process of influencing or informing others, feedbacks are very important to measure the effectiveness of communication. 1. 1. 4Message The message is the content of the communication process like ideas or emotions. The source encodes the message into verbal codes such as in writings or speeches. The message can also be encoded into nonverbal codes. For example, a weeping person may convey a message of sadness. 1. 1. 5 Noise Noise means anything that causes communication to be ineffective.Through Beeba and Redmond (1999) define noise as â€Å"anything, either literal or psychological, that interferes the clear reception and interpretation of a message†. Psychological noises such as uncontrollable emotions or preconceived ideas about something or someone may causes communication to be ineffective. For example, we may not want to listen to a politician, who is known to be corrupt. 1. 1. 6 Receiver The receiver also knows as the decoder and it is the person or party, who receives the message. The people will decode or translate the received message into something that can be understood.Beebe, and Redmond (1999) define interpersonal communication as â€Å"a special form of human communication that occurs when we interact simultaneously with another and mutually influence each other, usually for purpose of managing relationship†. Interpersonal communication serves many functions. They include improvements in family relationship, relationship with friends and colleagues as well as physical and emotional health. ?There are some activity and practicing skill that make oral communication in their interpersonal communication more effective in a classroom as bellow: 1. 2. 1 Listening skillsListening skills help students listen what the message that delivery to them. As example in classroom students A begin by telling the other person about their picture, describing detail and emotional attachments. Instruct students B to use proper interpersonal communication skills in listening to their partner and students should lend forward, maintain eye contact and used head nods. Then students B should ask open-ended question to create dialogue. Instruct student B to ask why and how questions. Person A and B switch roles so that both students have the chance to practice their interpersonal communication skill.This situation same while teacher taught student how to speak in English and how to delivery information through listening skills. The teacher listens the performance of the students and comments on the individual performance. He points out the errors of the individual students. At the end of the semester, students are assessed using these tasks. 1. 2. 2 Murder Mystery This activity requires students to communicate and work together. Students will be separate into teams and give them a murder mystery scenario. Use characters with different personalities and possible weapons.The teams must work together to discuss possible motives and who they believe is the murderer. Encourage students to use learned interpersonal communication skills such as listening, eye contact and follow-up questions. The teacher should observe the groups as they work together. Provide an evaluation for each student after the activity. Students will learn what skills are their strengths and which skills they should work to improve. 1. 2. 3Team Connections In this activity teacher will separate the class into teams or group. On the board, write the terms collaboration and cooperation. The groups will learn about these two important concepts for interpersonal communication within a team. Have the groups talk about the meanings of both words and why they are important in teams. Then, encourage the whole class to come up with seven interpersonal communications skills that are important in a team. List these terms on the board. The groups will come up with ground rules for their team, including how they will use interpersonal communication skills. Teams should identify how they will interact to resolve conflicts. The team rules can be used all year as part of the classroom group projects. The purpose of small group discussion do in oral communication is encourage active participation by all group member, foster awareness of the various tasks necessary in small-group discussion and makes students comfortable in a variety of roles in a discussion group. Through this students be able to interact each other because they all would be speak in small group, they receive positive feedback that is built into the process, they will participate actively in their learning and they will have specific role to fulfill, clearly defining their role in the small group.For make the small group communication is more effective in oral communication of students, a tips and resource are needed to make sure students will able to follow what are teaching that instructor or teacher apply to them. For example, in a group roles activity it is important to vary the composition of small group, allowing students the opportunity to work with many classmates of various abilities, interest, backgrounds, home languages, and other characteristics. The students will have experience in different roles and will improve their skill through activity that do which repeated throughout the year. Students also will focus on the task through time the exercise. If research is required, involve all students in the process, regardless of their role. This activity provides an excellent way for students to share research and come to a consensus about important information. For role ideas, see Student or Teacher Resource, Sample Role Cards. To encourage students to reflect on their learning, use Student Resource, Small-group Discussion Reflection Sheet.Beside of this activity in a group roles, other activity such as place mat, determining key ideas, jigsaw, and discussion web also help students to do their oral communication because through that activity ensure students participate and become a speaker. There are a few strategies used to improve small group communication skills. They are by understanding the interaction process, understanding group dynamics, improving perception building and observing skill, and choosing the right communication style.All of this strategy help instructor to improve students learning in a small group communication and it can be improved if every member of the group improves him or herself by taking into account the understanding of the interaction process, psychological elements of other members, and ability to observe and choose the right style of communication. 1. 5 PUBLIC COMMUNICATION Public communication refers to a communication, whereby a speaker addresses a relatively large audience with relatively continuous discourse, usually in a face-to-face situation (Devito, 1997).Public speaking is still one of the most important channels to convey message to the audience. We speak in public to inform, to entertain and to influence the audience in orde r to achieve our goals. It enable students will be able to prepare a good speech in English. There are five main parts in a speech with a general outline and this outline is a basis for any effective speeches which are introduction, thesis sentence, body of the speech, conclusion and reference and sources.There are few general guidelines for an effective speech among instructor and a student which is first use simple and accurate language, second use effective introduction and conclusions, third adopt natural or conversational approach to the speech. Maintain eye contact, smile, use movement wisely, maintain psychological closeness, and avoid physical barriers such as a table between us and the audience, fourth attend to feedback signals from the audience and fifth prepare our speech and rehearse, perhaps with a friend or in front of a mirror.

International Politics

Question: Write an essay about the International Politics. Answer: There are various questions that are raised for intervention in conflicts that are foreign (i) whether the same should be only on grounds that are humanitarian or even when there is at stake some national interest; and (ii) what is the effectiveness of the interventions that are primarily or solely carried out on grounds that are humanitarian. There has been an establishment by the contemporary international law beyond any doubt and violations that are serious with respect to human rights become a concern international. For the international community, inaction is not an option that is viable when there is a community or group which is being persecuted systematically in some part of the world or the international community. It is also commendable in this context that international actors both states and organizations have started to focus their attention towards something that is not limited to only intervention but is a more comprehensive approach to a state building post-war. The emergence norms of intervention shall be reinforced by this (ARBOUR, 2008). The ethical and moral arguments provide a wide scope for taking of action. Sovereignty in itself is no longer the shield that the perpetrator shall have for escaping the punitive measures. Through time, there have been variously debated with respect to humanitarian intervention at international level and in the face of ethnic cleansing that had been carried out in the early nineties in Yugoslavia and then recently in Sudan these debates and discussion have gained momentum (Argument and change in world politics: ethics, decolonization, and humanitarian intervention, 2003). Unarmed and armed participation are entailed by these interventions of a state or more than one state, the international organization often aid such interventions, on another state to ensure that there is well-being in its domestic group which cannot be any longer protected by its own government. The arguments that this essay mainly focuses on are (a) is the sovereignty of a state absolute, and (b) are the intervention that is purely humanitarian in nature the intervention decision is made independent of the self-interest of the intervenee. An argument that arises from the concept of Humanitarian Intervention is whether the sovereignty of the state is absolute. The sovereignty of the state is not absolute. The international community cannot intervene in the legal jurisdiction of another state's domestic affairs theoretically as per the UN Charter. In the principle articles with respect to intervention and using of force are found in the article 2(4) and Article 51(Bellamy, 2005). However the states can intervene on humanitarian grounds; however most of this intervention of the state, as argued in the essay, is based on the self-interest of the states that are intervening. Thus, the sovereignty of the state cannot be absolute, the responsibility principally of allows the intervention into states that are unable and unwilling to protect a group of citizens or all of their citizens. It may be, on a moral ground that is higher that intervention may seem to be justifiable. However, they are not effective (Chung, n.d.). The state's finite resources and imposition on them by their constituencies domestically would allow the deployment of resources fully that are needed when there is at stake the state's self-interest as well. Thus, it is not coincidental or surprising that the interventions most of them are based on self-interest and not primarily or exclusively on grounds that are humanitarian. It is on one hand claimed by the scholars that there is a duty on the international community to intervene in those conflicts where the citizens are helpless. The political realists, on the other hand, claim that if the nation's self-interest is not at stake, then there will be a lack of the incentive that the country may have for investing in the necessary amount of resources for the intervention to be successful and therefore it is like that the intervention will be a fail ure. It is on normative claims that the advocates of human rights base their arguments on with respect to when the intervention should be done, whereas the focus of the realist is strategy aspects relating to the intervention and the feasibility that it has in a world that is anarchic and in which there is no authority which is overarching (Ciurea, 2015). I agree with the opinion of the realist and argue that the decision of interventions that are based on the grounds that are solely humanitarian have a greater chance of failure. There are two main reasons for it (i) Finite Resources, the government resources are finite, and there are more needs that are required to be satisfied then the resources that are available to satisfy them (Criddle, 2015). Thus, the Government has to decide whether the resources should be utilized abroad or domestically. Those resources would be utilized more towards domestic need as compared to the cause of intervention based on humanitarian grounds with no personal stake; (ii) Governments Survival even it regimes that are authoritarian the support of the citizen is important for the survival. If there is the failure of the intervention, the rules will be blamed by its constituents. Therefore, the preference of the rulers would be to intervene in cases that are easier, that is those cases in which they are s ure that they will succeed. However, usually these are not the cases where humanitarian intervention is the maximum, the empirical evidence that exists support the view of the realist. It indicates that interventions that are based solely on grounds of good intention are more likely to fail. In Somalia, the intervention of US in the year 1993 is a critical case that supports this claim. In this case, there was a huge pressure on the government of US to provide to the Somalis who were suffering political oppression and starvation humanitarian aid. There, however, was no economic or strategic interest that the US had towards Somalia. It, therefore, intervened in its capacity that was minimal. It the street of Mogadishu there was outnumbering of the American soldiers, and they were killed, and they failed to capture the war-lords Somali. On the other hand the intervention of US in Kosovo precisely succeeded because there was considerable importance strategically that was attached to th e region and therefor there was a willingness in the government of America to invest resources for ending the conflict that was there between the Albanians and the Serbs so as to ensure that was peace that was sustainable (Ethics, Law, and Humanitarian Intervention:, 2014). However every intervention cannot be justified by human rights, it is dependent on the nature, magnitude and scope of the issue. There clearly has to be circumstances which are extreme, and there is liberty and life which is at stake if force across the international boundary is required. There are various situations of violence which are required to be dealt itself locally by the government or the local stakeholder. It is only when there are certain cases like ethnic cleansing, genocide or massacring systematically national or religious community and when oppression and extreme brutality is targeted towards a large number of the population of a state, it is only then can a response and intervention from international borders be justified. What needs to be established that it is not practical or possible to wait for a response from the local government that is there (Hill, 2009). It also has to be established that due to limited resources of each government it is not feasible that at every occasion intervention would be possible. In each one, it is necessary to calculate the risk. It is necessary to weigh the consequences that could possibly be there due to such intervention. If there is the further spread of conflict or insecurity that is caused due to the intervention, it is necessary that intervention should be stalled and should be occasioned at a moment that is more opportune. There is always a risk that is imposed by the military intervention across international for the forces that are intervening (Jayakumar, n.d.). Interventions are important from the moral standpoint for the oppressed populations benefit. However as already argued in this essay there is no pure moral which is in existence in the life of politics, and it is not necessary to pretend that there is any kind of purity that is there in this in most of the cases (Jean Buck, 2012). As far as an intervention is right, a moral agency can be there for any actor to act on the populations behalf. It is argued by moralist that the state that should be allowed to intervene should be the state that has respect towards human rights. In the legal and political realm, however, it is general the interventions that are multilateral in nature which enjoys the legitimacy. In this essay, I would also like to argue that both politico-legal factors as well should aid in the determination of justifying who is to intervene. Unilateral action may be pre-empted by decisions that are collective. The UN in this context has the most appropriate place for leading the intervention process. In Iraq, the intervention from the US and the military response of NATO are Kosovo brought forth cries of doubt, and there was a general generation of suspicion among various other states too. It is because of the fact that there is the motive that ever state may be acting unilaterally is why unilateralism has been questioned time and again. The General Assembly of UN has evidence in ample with respect to the commitment to addressing and upholding the issues that are pressing and that may require intervention to be enforced (Lechner, 2010). UN has been entrusted by states and agents are authorized to further by UN for carrying out measures that are appropriate. The issue arises at the time when the UN is unable to come to a consensus with respect to such decisions. Meanwhile, there are atrocities which are being still carried on. In such a scenario it is important the prominence is given to force that is transnational, and an active role is to be given to them for getting out of this situation of paralysis. In extreme cases, there is a partial consensus which is there among the states that are liberal that there exists a moral right of intervention is cases which are extreme in nature. It is, however, necessary that the states that are involved in the process of decision should not be acting in a manner that is for their own interest. It is argued by so moralist that obligations and rights for intervention are restored instantly if the measures of collective fail. It is however with the caution that such situation is required to be treated. There would be certain exceptions to it which can be made, if it were certain that the country which was intervening was in a position of being able to carry out the intervention in the manner that is the effect, and there is no ulterior motive which is there behind. There however still at all times mixed with this intervention an ulterior motive for the party which is intervening whether it is only one actor which is involved or whether it is multiple actors there is not compulsion or obligation on the state to intervene at a cost that is grave to itself. Thus, since the resources are very finite thus a state would only apply t his limited resources it has to intervention there needs necessarily to be a benefit that the state has for itself (Miller, 1995). The Bangladesh case is another case in point in the year 1971. Bangladesh was known formerly as East Pakistan. Had there been a General Assembly for the Council of the UNs security then it is likely that such an intervention would have been decided against due to their being a an opposition from China and USA are great powers. The decision that India took of intervening in Bangladesh was dependent solely on it own political decision. However, it aided in providing an effecting stopping to the atrocities that were occurring in Bangladesh and helping push Bangladesh and it freedom fighters towards the victory of the Pakistani Army's over occupying (Lechner, 2010). However, it needs to be clarified that intervention dos do not refer only to the use of force. Though in most cases of humanitarian intervention use of force is involved, and this is extremely important for its success that pursuance of the same should be in a manner that is forceful. The aim that overarches is that the oppressor should be defeated, who are carrying out heinous acts of oppressions such as ethnic cleansing or genocide etc. there may also be the attempt towards the method that are non-coercive during the start of the intervention through efforts that are diplomatic. Sanctions have also proved to be a useful method for pressurizing the states that are rough. Nevertheless, the military which is coercive is justified when there is the failure from all other types measures. In the case of Bosnia this was exemplified, where there had been repeated efforts which were failing for dealing with the situation without declaring a war against the perpetrators. There was humanitari an relief that was brought for the victims and there was some level of protection from the workers that was provided for the relief workers protection but there was no success that was achieved for creating in Bosnia a zone that was safe. The concern that remains is that the principle of non-intervention's relaxation would case more number of actions of military by the state. Though there is some validity to these concerns however, there is no direction provided by them for finding a solution for it. There is an emergence of an international community which will be able to override the risks that interventions which are unilateral have. There has been a success in the cosmopolitan actors in impacting the agenda setting for the affairs that are international. As was stated by Kofi Anan the former UN General Secretary that there is a need for the protection of human rights are not for the protection of those who are abusing it (Philpott, 2003). Further, it can be stated that a strong argument can be made that human interventions that are based solely on purposes that are humanitarian have chances of failing. Intervention are extremely costly unless there is some kind of self-interest which drives it otherwise it is only half-heartedly that they are carried out in some cases the use of resources for intervention that is cross-border becomes counter-productive for the state. This Kosovo and Somalia intervention corroborate this. The argument that has been developed in this essay is the realist in nature. It is in the political and legal sphere that the mechanics and procedure of intervention lie. The granting of licensing key role should ideally be with the UN. It is necessary to be able to aid those who are vulnerable that a clear consensus is reached by the actors at the international level. Reference ARBOUR, L. (2008). The responsibility to protect as a duty of care in international law and practice. Review of International Studies, 34(03). Argument and change in world politics: ethics, decolonization, and humanitarian intervention. (2003). Choice Reviews Online, 40(11), pp.40-6679-40-6679. Bellamy, A. (2005). Responsibility to Protect or Trojan Horse? The Crisis in Darfur and Humanitarian Intervention after Iraq. Ethics International Affairs, 19(02), pp.31-54. Chung, A. (n.d.). Legitimacy of Humanitarian Intervention: A Liberal Defence. SSRN Electronic Journal. Ciurea, A. (2015). Humanitarian business/Humanitarian intervention: ideas in action. Resilience, 3(1), pp.87-92. Criddle, E. (2015). Three Grotian Theories of Humanitarian Intervention. Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 16(2). Ethics, Law, and Humanitarian Intervention:. (2014). Soundings: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 97(2), pp.228-238. Hill, T. (2009). KANT AND HUMANITARIAN INTERVENTION1. Philosophical Perspectives, 23(1), pp.221-240. Jayakumar, K. (n.d.). Humanitarian Intervention: A Legal Analysis. SSRN Electronic Journal. Jean Buck, H. (2012). Geoengineering: Re-making Climate for Profit or Humanitarian Intervention?. Development and Change, 43(1), pp.253-270. Lechner, S. (2010). Humanitarian Intervention: Moralism versus Realism?. International Studies Review, 12(3), pp.437-443. Lewy, G. (1993). The case for humanitarian intervention. Orbis, 37(4), pp.621-632. Miller, T. (1995). Shifting boundaries. Women's Studies International Forum, 18(3), pp.299-309. Nardin, T. and Williams, M. (2006). Humanitarian intervention. New York: New York University Press. Nzelibe, J. (n.d.). Courting Genocide: The Unintended Effects of Humanitarian Intervention. SSRN Electronic Journal. Philpott, D. (2003). Argument and Change in World Politics: Ethics, Decolonization, and Humanitarian Intervention, Neta C. Crawford (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 466 pp., $85 cloth, $30 paper. Ethics International Affairs, 17(01), pp.178-181. Rajan, M. (2000). "The New Interventionism"?. International Studies, 37(1), pp.31-40. Roberts, A. (2000). The So-called Right of Humanitarian Intervention. YHL, 3, p.3. Roberts, A. (2000). The So-called Right of Humanitarian Intervention. YHL, 3, p.3.