Improving Operations Management at British Airways plc in the current Essay

Improving Operations Management at British Airways plc in the current economic climate - Essay Example h Airways is still in an open competition with several other airlines, this is to assure its realistic, practical and superior efforts to keep its name high amongst other counterparts. British Airways (BA) contains a formalised composition with a number of predefined policies and measures, and it’s because of its magnitude and the global range of its movement. The objective of this assignment is to analyse the practices and to outline British Airways approach to managing change in its organisation according to the current economic climate all over the world. (Vrana, V, 2006, 510) This issue assumes a particular relevance in an increasingly competitive environment in the service industry. The report is divided in two parts. The first part analyses the strategic approach to the market and the corporate culture of the airline. The second part includes some recommendations to help the current standing of the air line as a result of worldwide economic disaster. British Airways plc (BA) is amongst worlds major international airlines, that carries greater number of passengers from one destination to another than its other competitors. British Airways is a scheduled international passenger airline. (Law, Leung and Wong, 2004, 105) The Companys main activity is the operation of international and domestic scheduled traveler airline services. The Company also gives other services to other parties, for example aircraft maintenance. British Airways have a board and a leadership team. Whilst the structure would lend itself to a hierarchical one, British Airways encourage employee participation, suggesting a top down and bottom up approach. (Lewis, 2008, 960) British Airways are set up as a traditional hierarchical structure; however management is moving into collective decision making, involving all employees. (Strategic Direction, 2006, 26) BA operates from many airports, but its main base is at London Heathrow. BA has improved the range of services it can offer customers

Florence Regarding Investment Appraisal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Florence Regarding Investment Appraisal - Essay Example Capital budgeting is primarily undertaken when investment outlay is done for a long period. In the context of this paper, the investment will be done in heavy machinery and the project period is 5 years. Payback period denotes the time period that is absorbed by the project for recovering the total cost of the project. Payback may not be the primary technique but it is an important technique that determines whether a firm should undertake a particular project. The criterion is that when projects are compared on the basis of payback period, a project with shorter payback period is selected (Sangster, 1993; Cooper, Cornick and Redmon, 2011). The calculated payback period for each project is as follows: It was calculated that project A required the least amount of time followed by project B and project C respectively. In other words, Project B requires 0.52 years or about 6 months more than project A. From the perspective of payback period, project A can be recommended over the other pr ojects as it takes the shortest amount of time to recoup the initial outlay (Sangster, 1993). Accounting rate of return is often considered as the true measure of profitability with respect to a project in capital budgeting as it not only take into account the net cash inflow but also focuses on expected net earnings from each project with respect to the fund invested initially. This technique works on the notion that earnings instead of generally cash flow are better measure of success of an investment. A project with higher accounting rate of return is generally considered as the superior choice (Kida, Moreno and Smith, 2001). The calculated accounting rate of return of each project is as follows: It is important to discuss the reason for using incremental revenue prior analyzing the outcome.  

Analyse Noras character throughout the play Essay Example for Free

Analyse Noras character throughout the play Essay In A Dolls House Ibsens use of language reflects on the dramatic change we see in Noras character. Ibsen uses issues that arose during the 19th century to construct themes and most importantly build up characters, all with their own distinctive language. Noras character changes from the beginning of the play to the end and Ibsen does this with the use of her change in language. At the beginning of the play, Nora is still a child in many ways, listening at doors and guiltily eating forbidden sweets behind her husbands back. She has gone straight from her fathers house to her husbands, bringing along her nursemaid to emphasize the fact that shes never grown up. Shes also never developed a sense of self. Shes always accepted her fathers and her husbands opinions. And shes aware that Torvald would have no use for a wife who was his equal. But like many children, Nora knows how to manipulate Torvald by pouting or by performing for him. In the end, it is the truth about her marriage that awakens Nora. Although she may suspect that Torvald is a weak, petty man, she clings to the illusion that hes strong, that hell protect her from the consequences of her act. But at the moment of truth, he abandons her completely. She is shocked into reality and sees what a sham their relationship has been. She becomes aware that her father and her husband have seen her as a doll to be played with, a figure without opinion or will of her own; first a doll-child, then a doll-wife. She also realizes that she is treating her children the same way. Her whole life has been based on illusion rather than reality. When we first see Nora and Helmer together in the beginning of Act One she is Extravagant and we notice that she is financially reckless; Oh yes, Torvald, we can be a little extravagant now cant we? Just a tiny bit? Youre getting a big salary now, and youre going to make lots of money. She uses short phrases within a series of questions and exclamations: this shows her child-like behaviour. She is influenced by money, having no independence and always relying on Helmer, she doesnt understand the value of it. He gives her status. Nora has a Fast tempo whilst speaking; this shows her excitement and childlike behaviour, pooh. When talking to Helmer Nora is manipulative, she uses his nicknames on herself in order to please Helmer, squanderbird. She is scared of Helmer (as a father figure he may punish her), therefore accepting anything he says; Very well, Torvald. As you say. She is Flirtatious and plays with his coat buttons in order to get what she wants. Noras domination in the conversation with Mrs Linde and her use of repetition of the word I shows that she is in a sense showing off and trying to be superior in front of Miss Linde. We see this in Act One when she meets with Mrs Linde; I too have done something to be happy and proud about. It was I who saved Torvalds life. Nora is trying to gain respect from her friend by revealing a secret that she thinks will illustrate her practical side, showing that she is a supportive wife and has also had to face troubles. Years from now, when I am no longer pretty, Nora keeps the secret from her husband to maintain status quo. She will tell him in the future when she is no longer pretty and she will need to gain his respect through other means than playing games and dressing up. Ibsen uses Prosodic features: fast tempo, emotional; in order for us to know that that here Nora is erratic. In Noras two long speeches, on pages thirty six and thirty seven we learn more about her character through her use of language.

Reality Shows Essay Example for Free

Reality Shows Essay Reality shows has grown in popularity for several years and it will never slow down because of the excitement and attention it brings to the viewers. A reality show is based upon many things that go on in a daily life such as romance, drama, friendship, hate and etc. Being on a reality show may look fun but it’s a lot of hard work. Reality shows bring a lot of attention and the companies are making a lot of money for it because of the viewers. * Reality shows are bad, lazy and violence television. They mostly show ordinary people with no special talents doing very stupid things.which doesn’t make for good entertainment.They rely on humiliation and conflict to create excitement.the programmes are full of swearing, crying and argument, and often violence, drunkenness and sex. This sends a message to people that this is normal behaviour and helps to create a crude, selfish society. For example, the real world on mtv. * Its a selected group of people who live together they portray young adults, espically women, as being drunk, wild, crazy, lying, physical violence and desperate for sex, alcohol, and attention. and its sad because many people watch these shows and thats what the real world is basically about. Nobody wants for their childern to be watching that on television i know i wouldnt. It is just a bad influence on their mind n it will probbaly effecty on the way the will act. nobody wants they child like that everyone wants the best for them. thats why these kind of shows need to be blocked no longer aired or have parental controls on the channels. * Another reality show the bad girls club it focuses on seven young women who believes that other women are generally out to get her Jodie, a conservative office worker who likes to have fun after hours. Ty, a tough talking former hustler. Kerry, where her behavior has a reflect on her country music career adult entertainer. Leslie, spoiled, angry. Ripsi, and Zara, whos known in her small town as the wild child. While living in their Los Angeles house, the women try to become friends while managing with one anothers backstabbing, lying, cheating, and flirting. They all engage in their own brand of bad behavior in order to have fun, get want they want, and sometimes get even with the other women in the house. * They fight with each other for 60 minutes once a week and has a negative effect on society because it makes girls that watch the show think that it is okay to go out and fight with anyone that gets in your way. Just think about the name of the show â€Å" BAD GIRLS CLUB† the all have a bad girl life style. so to me reality televison is full of it and the people that watch it need help to yes it is entertaining but the question is what are you getting out of it? how is it making your life or childern lives any better? this stuff has alot of negative effect on people. There is nothing perfect in life but its just some things you do and donot do. *Inconclusion, reality television is popular and almost everyone watches it. but the manin question is why? reality television has several flaws and entitles alot of attetion and drama. You will see the the whole concept of these script written shows is beacuse of the money for them not for you so eventaully there is no point and the viewers are helping them and they are not getting anything out of it. These are my reasons, examples and supporting reasons why reality television should be banned.

The Effects Of Living At Walden Essay -- Henry David Thoreau Walden Ph

In 1854, Henry David Thoreau gave us what would become his most famous non-fiction book, Walden; or life in the Woods. In this, Thoreau describes his project at Walden Pond near Concord, Massachusetts. Thoreau decided that he was going to live â€Å"deliberately† in the woods for over two years and live off of a limited economy and isolate himself from society in order to gain a more objective understanding of it. But one has to ask the question, what does Thoreau mean that he wants to â€Å"live ‘deliberately’†? Thoreau himself said that he wanted to â€Å"live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.†(Thoreau, 61) He wanted to live deliberately because he believed that the way we live in society is not really living, it is superficial. It is superficial because of our dependence on material things that in Thoreau’ s mind don’t really matter and can be sacrificed without risking what Thoreau would call actual living. Thoreau believes our dependence on material items is so great that we do not see the majesty of what this world has to offer, we cannot experience the grandeur of nature. So the living â€Å"deliberately† would mean to live with the basic essentials, building a little shelter to shield from harsh elements, living off the food we can grow or gather, and to cut ourselves off from immense contact with society in order to figure out our real purpose in the world. I would argue that Thoreau not only truly lived deliberately and became better versed in the ways of society, but also more versed in alternative ways of viewing something that is common in life, the human brain for example. Living deliberately is show... ... side was spiritual, not unlike the spiritual retreats or pilgrimage of religions. The third side is more neurological, reaching into his own mind and into those of his readers. After spending time in the woods, it would appear that Thoreau reached more insight into his own mind and its inner workings, developing something most people don’t have. I believe it would be safe to assume that almost no one would take the sight of a thawing bank and compare it to the neurological workings of the brain. Works Cited â€Å"Brain† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 11 Nov. 2008, 13:21 UTC. 11 Nov. 2008 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brain&oldid=251094037 Thoreau, Henry David, William John Rossi, and Henry David Thoreau. Walden ; and, Resistance to Civil Government: Authoritative Texts, Thoreau's Journal, Reviews, and Essays in Criticism. New York: W.W. Norton, 1992.

Francis I and Henry VIII :: Francis of Angouleme France England Essays

Francis I and Henry VIII On April 27th, 1989, at Sangatte on the northern coast of France, a ceremony was held to mark the commencement of the main work on the Channel Tunnel. At the tunnel entrance stood two giant pasteboard figures. One was of Henry VIII of England and the other was of Francis I of France. Their symbolic presence at the beginning of an ambitious project designed to link England and France was especially appropriate. Henry VIII is often called a |Renaissance prince' and is popularly remembered for his ebullience and the extraordinariness of his reign. What is often not so well appreciated, is the extent to which his style of monarchy and the events of his reign were influenced by his relationship with that other |Renaissance prince', Francis I. Rarely, since their time, have France and England been so drawn together by some higher ideal or imperative. Now it is the single market and European unity. Then, it was magnificent, competitive, kingship. Francis of Angouleme was born at Cognac in western France on September 12th, 1494. The Angouleme family was a cadet branch of the royal house of Valois. Francis' father, Charles, died on January 1st, 1496, and in 1498, the boy became heir presumptive to the reigning monarch. Louis XII. From the age of fourteen Francis lived at court and was soon known in Italy and England as the rising star of France. Louis XII died leaving no surviving son and Francis succeeded him as king on January 1st, 1515. Francis's accession was greeted favourably by the French nobility. He was young, healthy, full of confidence and he immediately rejuvenated the French court. His mother, Louise of Savoy, who was a great patron of artists and intellectuals, had ensured that her son had been well educated, at least by contemporary noble standards. Francis was inspired by dreams of royal greatness and chivalric glory. This was reflected in the iconography of the early part of his reign. A recent French study has identified more than a dozen different topoi of kingship which were produced under Louise of Savoy's patronage and which were taken up by the king himself. Among the most important were; Francis as the crusading roi chevalier, as the descendant of Charlemagne, and especially, as Julius Caesar's true successor. Royal propaganda promoted two ideals or hopes for Francis's reign. These were just and effective government at home and, abroad, the revival of a French imperial heritage. Francis I and Henry VIII :: Francis of Angouleme France England Essays Francis I and Henry VIII On April 27th, 1989, at Sangatte on the northern coast of France, a ceremony was held to mark the commencement of the main work on the Channel Tunnel. At the tunnel entrance stood two giant pasteboard figures. One was of Henry VIII of England and the other was of Francis I of France. Their symbolic presence at the beginning of an ambitious project designed to link England and France was especially appropriate. Henry VIII is often called a |Renaissance prince' and is popularly remembered for his ebullience and the extraordinariness of his reign. What is often not so well appreciated, is the extent to which his style of monarchy and the events of his reign were influenced by his relationship with that other |Renaissance prince', Francis I. Rarely, since their time, have France and England been so drawn together by some higher ideal or imperative. Now it is the single market and European unity. Then, it was magnificent, competitive, kingship. Francis of Angouleme was born at Cognac in western France on September 12th, 1494. The Angouleme family was a cadet branch of the royal house of Valois. Francis' father, Charles, died on January 1st, 1496, and in 1498, the boy became heir presumptive to the reigning monarch. Louis XII. From the age of fourteen Francis lived at court and was soon known in Italy and England as the rising star of France. Louis XII died leaving no surviving son and Francis succeeded him as king on January 1st, 1515. Francis's accession was greeted favourably by the French nobility. He was young, healthy, full of confidence and he immediately rejuvenated the French court. His mother, Louise of Savoy, who was a great patron of artists and intellectuals, had ensured that her son had been well educated, at least by contemporary noble standards. Francis was inspired by dreams of royal greatness and chivalric glory. This was reflected in the iconography of the early part of his reign. A recent French study has identified more than a dozen different topoi of kingship which were produced under Louise of Savoy's patronage and which were taken up by the king himself. Among the most important were; Francis as the crusading roi chevalier, as the descendant of Charlemagne, and especially, as Julius Caesar's true successor. Royal propaganda promoted two ideals or hopes for Francis's reign. These were just and effective government at home and, abroad, the revival of a French imperial heritage.

Scott Pilgrim vs. The World Essay -- Film Review, Boy meets Girl

Scott Pilgrim vs. the World tells the classic story of boy meets girl, boy falls in love with girl but first must overcome problems which the girl brings from her past that interferes with their relationship. Initially defeated, sad boy realizes that this girl is â€Å"the one† and so goes into battle for her once more, and this time he is victorious. Where Scott Pilgrim vs. the World is fresh and unique is in the combination of styles and influences from comic books (Scott Pilgrim originally being a comic before being made as a film) and video games, particularly styles of video games popular during the early era of home video consoles in the 1980s and 1990s for which the intended audience of the movie, whose childhoods largely occurred in that period, would feel a deep nostalgia. Costume design, props, and the stylized gestures and vocal delivery of the actors (pp. 125-130, 139-146) all contribute to creating a feel reminiscent of said â€Å"old-school† video games. D irector Edgar Wright structured the editing of the film so as to create the feel of a continuous stream of action, as though the romance is seen as a never-ending, fast-paced conflict. Sound (pp. 279-280) and visuals (p. 118) are also used in such a way as to create the sense of a universe which is deliberately unrealistic and as direct as possible a translation of the original comic book into film format. Although the film uses a restricted narration (p. 93), with the audience only seeing events as far as Scott can see them, the extensive use of visual and sound cues, as well as the deliberately formulaic plot structure and references to many old video games and classic â€Å"boy-meets-girl† stories, the general structure and plot (pp. 80-82) of which the audience is assumed to b... ... and substitutes the common traits by the use of unique and innovative elements from a different medium. The style and the pop culture references (especially to video games) which the film is full of helps connect with the target audience, and also show the significant of how fantasy, video games and comic, can stylistically distribute a classical convention to the distinct overall formal system (pp. 56-58, 60-61). In other words, this film that incorporates stylistic elements of comic books and video games to tell a story which is already familiar fodder for movie audiences also makes it especially relevant to an audience demographic raised with video games and manga. Perhaps such prophetic in the integration of stylistic elements from different forms of popular entertainment media into film, can be something which audiences in the future may well come to expect.

AP Essay -- essays papers

A&P In the story â€Å"A&P† by John Updike, the main character Sammy is portrayed as a typical young male. When the three young females enter the store, he is quickly distracted from his duties. As he watches the young girls move throughout the store, he describes each of their bodies in detail giving away his overwhelming sexual awareness. Sammy is so distracted by these â€Å"bathing beauties† that he rings up some old bat’s item twice and makes her angry. It is made quite evident that Sammy is finely attuned to each and every movement of these young ladies’ as they amble down each and every aisle throughout the store. Sammy’s carnal mindedness is first made apparent in the story when he describes the â€Å"chunky one† in her green, two-piece bathing suit. Sammy describes this girl as having â€Å"a good tan and a sweet broad soft-looking can with those two creasants of white just under it, where the sun never seems to hit, at the top of the back of her legs† (Updike 369). Sammy’s hormones kick into overdrive when he sets his eyes upon this girl’s overly fleshy backside. Sammy states that he likes what he sees even though this chic is chunky and her butt is soft and wide. It is quite clear that Sammy has a fetish of some sort with big â€Å"cans† when he refers to the girl as â€Å"the plump one in plaid, that I liked better from the back-a really sweet can† (Updike 372). Next Sammy focuses his attention on the tall, black haired girl. He views this young lady as pretty but not beautiful-â€Å"the kind of girl other girls think is very â€Å"striking† and â€Å"attractive† but never quite makes it† (Updike 370). Sammy’s sexual interest in this young female is described very overtly as he states â€Å"not that as raw material she was so bad† (Updike 373... ... the towel† and follow these affluent broads. As he looks at Queenie’s breasts that he describes as â€Å"the two smoothest scoops of vanilla I had even known were there† (Updike 373), Sammy makes his final decision to quit. It is evident that he did this in hopes to impress these women by the way in which he loudly announces his resignation to the manager. This was Sammy’s last, pitiful attempt to get these rich girls to notice him and take him to their world of utopia. Sammy soon realized that these girls either did not hear what he said, or may have heard and did not give a rip or even notice that he existed. At this point, I believe he felt like an idiot. The realization of the stupidity of his action is acknowledged by Sammy at the end of the story when he states that â€Å"his stomach kind of fell as I felt how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter† (Updike 373).

Payroll system for thesis Essay

Introduction This chapter present the introductory part of the study about accounting system in DMMA COLLEGE OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES. The purpose of this study is to ensure that the project will support the business requirement in accounting and improve better service to the employee in DMMA COLLEGE OF SOUTHERN PHILLIPINES. This study is conducted by Mary Ann Ivy Bautista, and Sheeneryl Lacay. We are proposing this study to the accounting department of DMMA COLLEGE OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES. Since the DMMA COLLEGE OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES is using office manual system in excel and they are thinking about creating a database to make payroll easily, and that would lessen their time in creating payroll to their employee. Background of the study According to the student handbook, DMMA COLLEGE OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES was established in October 1993, and was formerly known as the Davao Merchant Marine Academy (DMMA). Accounting is the system of recording and summarizing business and financial transactions and analyzing, verifying, and reporting the results according to Merriam-Webster’s online dictionary. Technology today is fast changing many business company try to adopt the changing technology like DMMA COLLEGE OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES in order to stay competitive. Computers have the great impact on the profession of accounting. The program also allows the 15 days payroll schedule to be calculated accurately. Just by having all teachers and employees information like name, wages etc to enter in the database. Therefore, payroll can be done with the guide o f the program. The system is good in the fields of accounting specialty. It is easy to use, effective and efficient in calculating the payroll. In addition this study aims to develop a reliable and manageable computerized payroll system for DMMA COLLEGE OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES for a better manageable of a business. Project Context Purpose and Description Objectives of the Project Scope and Delimitations of the Project Scope This study is designed to develop a Computerizes payroll system for DMMA COLLEGE OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES. It covers the process of preparing the pay slip of each employee, the regular and part time employee, keeping of record safety and computing the exact wages of each employee. Including the stored report list of employee such as Monthly Salary, Basic Pay, Teaching, Adjustment, Overtime, Allowance, Course Manual, Rice Allowance, Gross Pay, Net Pay, Deduction such as SSS Premium, Withholding tax, Cash Advances, SSS Loan, PAG-IBIG Loan, MAXICARE, Sunlife, PhilHealth, Absences/Tardiness, Canteen Advance, SEAMPCO and other like Grepalife, Mandug Lot, LLS IOU, HSBC Loan, MLCR IOU, Pag-ibig housing Caritas, AUO Rice. The proposed Payroll System for DMMA COLLEGE OF SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES is expected to generate Pay Slip of Employees, 15 days pay period. The system will be network to the HR, Accounting department, and Cashier. Delimitation The proposed Payroll System for Dmma College of southern Philippines does not support online program or online transaction. Significance of the Project The proposed system will help the accounting section of Dmma College of Southern Philippines especially the Payroll maker/bookkeeper and the Finance Officer. It will help to lessen the time and effort of the payroll maker/bookkeeper in preparing payments of employees. The system develop can accommodate changing figures through well design database. Definition of Terms Payroll System A payroll system is a computerized technique that is used to calculate the sum of salaries employees who need to be paid in an organization. Company A business enterprise firm. Employee A person employed at a wage or salary. Record A document that contains an account particularly in terms of collection. Service Contribution to the welfare of others. Database An integrated collection of data which provides a more efficient way of storage and retrieval of data and is capable of processing large portions of data immediately. System A set of related components that produces specific results. Technology It is the study of practical or industrial arts. Review of Related Literature: In less than a generation, computer technology has revolutionized businessall over the world. This has brought about changes in the area of business,finance, industry, government, agriculture, education, health care, sports and even on our personal lives. Today, computers do much of the works. Datacollection continues to become easier and easier, data processing is getting faster and faster, mathematical calculations continue to be performed with increased precision and information is being provided to users in generally more useful forms. Such that was made possible through the use of electronic files and database.This chapter presents some of the previous related works relevant to the understanding of the problem. In order to gather information, the authors usedbooks, thesis and encyclopedia. The wide spread development of digital technology also results to parallel advance in software, which allows this technology to be used by persons other than computer experts. The database has become a central organized framework for information system, taking advantage of the concept of data independence that allows sharing among diverse system– Organized collection of data maintained and used with the aid of management information system (mis). It is a state of the art information system process and retrieves information ever faster; they are more robust in terms of the volume of data that they can process and in terms of reliability; and their performance is more cost-effective. The central component of information system, the database may be distributed over a number of processor in different geographic locations, yet queries can processed simultaneously against the composite database

Physiological Disorders Essay

In this assignment I will be looking at the nature of two named physiological disorders. I will explain its sign and symptoms and access possible difficulties involved in the diagnosis of the disorders from their signs and symptoms. The two physiological disorders are coronary heart disease and breast cancer. Coronary heart disease: Coronary heart disease is the build-up of plaque such as cholesterol and other fatty substances within the coronary arteries causing a reduced or no supply of oxygen to the heart. The process of plaque lining the coronary arteries is called arteriosclerosis. Coronary heart disease can be caused and triggered by many different factors. These include: Smoking; lifetime smoking roughly doubles your risk of developing heart disease because the chemicals in tobacco get into the bloodstream from the lungs and they damage the blood vessels and other parts of the body. It is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease; High blood pressure; the blood pressure can become dangerous the higher it gets. An increased of blood pressure is an increase of the force of blood against the walls of the arteries and the higher the blood pressure the higher the likelihood the walls of the arteries can become damaged. This can lead to stiffness of the arteries making them less flexible which can lead to the build-up of cholesterol, even after being used on cells the extra gets deposited inside the artery wall lining which can lead to atherosclerosis and this can occur from unhealthy diet intake. Your blood pressure and cholesterol level are also important. All people aged over 40 should have a cardiovascular health risk assessment’ usually available at your GP surgery. If you have a high risk of developing cardiovascular disease, treatment to reduce high blood pressure (hypertension) and/or cholesterol may be advised. Physical activity like exercising helps reduce blood pressure and the likelihood of obesity; Diabetes, people with diabetes have the same risk of developing heart disease as a person who has had a heart attack but who doesn’t have diabetes; obesity, obese individuals are more likely to have high blood pressure, diabetes and high blood fats. If your blood vessel are narrow due to a build-up of atheroma or if the symptoms of coronary heart disease cannot be controlled using medication, surgery may be needed to open up or replace the blocked arteries in severe cases heart transplants may even be needed if the heart is too damaged to function after a serious  build-up of plaque or after a heart attack. Breast cancer: Breast cancer is the serious disorder that is very common amongst both men and women in today’s day and age. In the UK about 1 in 8 women develop breast cancer at some stage of their life and also it is the most common frequently investigated cancer in quality of life studies. The breasts and every other part of our body is made up of millions of individual cells normally they would function to multiply and grow in an orderly way the body has implicated, however in cancer this process goes wrong and dysfunctional cells begin to multiply rapidly and uncontrollably. It has not been proven why exactly the breast cancer is caused however there are many risk factors that are associated with breast cancer which if taken into consideration can help reduce the risk of the likelihood of getting breast cancer. Some of the risk factors: obesity and alcohol abuse; if a woman loses weight and limits alcohol intake, her risk of developing breast cancer may diminish; age, it is most common for women to develop breast cancer at an older age particularly women who have been through menopause and are over the age of 50; and some studies also have shown that diet and vitamins play a role in breast cancer risk the use of antiperspirants containing specific chemicals and environmental chemical use are also uncertain risk factors; previous breast cancer if you have previously has breast cancer you are at higher risk of obtaining and developing the disease again, this can be either in the same breast or in the other one; Alcohol, studies have showed that women who drink alcohol on a daily basis are more likely to develop diseases than those who do not drink at all. If you are concerned about a history of breast cancer in your family you should see GP and they will want to take a family history. Before seeing your GP it is a good idea to try to find out who in your family has been diagnosed with breast cancer at what age they were diagnosed ad their exact blood relationship to you. On the basis of the family history, it is usually possible for your GP to access your risk as either near-normal, moderate or high. If your risk is moderate or high then if you wish you may be referred to be a doctor who is specialist for further assessment and counselling. There are many treatments of breast cancer, the seriousness and the type of cancer will result in what type of treatment is chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is given to advanced stage of breast cancer. And it is a nurse role to educate the women receiving chemotherapy about the  names of drugs and they are administered and their side effects. P2- Explain the signs and symptoms related to two named physiological disorders. Coronary heart disease The main symptom of coronary heart disease is angina. Angina is chest pain that occurs when the blood supply to the muscles of the heart is restricted. It usually happens because the arteries supplying the heart become hardened and narrowed. This can be a mild, uncomfortable feeling similar to indigestion. However, a severe angina attack can cause a painful feeling of heaviness or tightness, usually in the centre of the chest which may spread to the arms, neck, jaw, back or stomach. It is often triggered by physical activity or stressful situations. Symptoms usually pass in less than 10 minutes and can be relieved by resting or using a nitrate tablet or spray. If your arteries become completely blocked, it can cause a heart attack. A heart attack can cause severe pain in the centre of your chest, which may feel like very bad digestion or you can have mild pain and feel unwell. Symptoms can happen suddenly but sometimes the pain can develop more slowly. Symptoms include: a feeling of heaviness, squeezing or crushing in the centre of your chest, feeling dizzy, feeling breathless and feeling sick or vomiting. The symptoms of a heart attack can be similar to indigestion. A heart attack can happen at any time, including while you are resting and if heart pains last longer than 15 minutes it may be the start of a heart attack. Unlike angina the symptoms of a heart attack are not usually relieved using a nitrate tablet or spray. Heart failure can also occur in people with coronary heart disease when the heart becomes weak to pump blood around the body which can cause fluid to build up in the lungs that makes it increasingly difficult to breathe. The most common signs and symptoms of heart failure are shortness of breath or trouble breathing; fatigue; and swelling in the ankles, feet, legs, stomach and veins in the neck. All of these symptoms are the result of fluid build-up in your body. When symptoms start, you may feel tire and short of breath after routine physical effort like climbing stairs. Breast cancer The usual first symptom is a painless lump in the breast. Most breast lumps are fluid-filled cysts or fibro adenomas which are benign. Benign neoplasms  are often the complication of fibrocystic hyperplasia and common in young women between 18-25 years and rare after the age of 50. However, you should always see a doctor if a lump develops as the breast lump may be cancerous. Other symptoms which may be noticed in the affected breast include: Changes in the size or shape of a breast Dimpling or thickening of some of the skin on a part of a breast The nipple becoming inverted (turning in) Rarely a discharger occurring from a nipple (which may be blood-stained) A rare type of breast cancer, causing a rash around the nipple, which can look similar to a small patch of eczema Rarely, pain in a breast. Pain is not a usual early symptom but many women develop painful breasts and this is not usually caused by cancer. P3- Describe the investigation that are carried out to enable the diagnosis of these physiological disorders? Coronary Heart Disease require many tests and investigations before a diagnosis can be made such as electrocardiogram which is also known as (ECG) is one of the most widely used tests for detecting heart problems with the help of this that regulates the heart cycle of contraction and relaxation. A number of electrodes (small, sticky patches) put on your arms, legs and chest. It’s important to have an electrocardiogram as part of an initial evaluation for any individual who is suspected of or diagnosed with coronary heart disease the test is likely to be repeated periodically to find out the occurrence of heart examinations. In some cases you may have an exercise ECG test or stress test; this is when an ECG recording is taken while you are exercising. If you experience pain while exercising, the test can help identify whether your symptoms are caused by angina which is usually due to CHD. Blood tests pick up abnormalities that influence how well the heart working e.g. they can detect raised levels of cholesterol, which may lead to CHD, abnormal levels of thyroid hormones which can affect the heart muscle cells are damaged in a heart attack. You may need to have a number of blood tests to monitor the activity of the heart; these may include cardiac enzyme tests which ca n show whether there has been recent damage to the heart muscle. An X-ray may be used to look at the heart, lungs and chest wall and this can help rule out any other conditions that may be causing your symptoms. If your doctor feels you are risk of CHD, they may carry out a  risk assessment. This involves asking about your medical and family history, your life style and blood test as I’ve already mentioned. If you have CHD you’re GP or practice nurse can tell you what your ideal weight is in relation to your build and height. Body mass index will be measured. You also need to regular exercise to make your heart and blood circulatory system more efficient, lower your cholesterol level, and also keep your blood pressure at a healthy level Breast Cancer has many investigations that take place before a diagnosis can be made such as a Biopsy is when a sample is taken of lump or abnormal area the biopsy sample is then analysed in a laboratory and the cells are examined this allows the doctors to see exactly what type of cancer it is and whether it’s likely to grow slowly or more quickly. There are many types of biopsies that can be used including core needle biopsy, blood tests and fine needle aspiration and excision biopsy. Scans can measure the size of the cancer and whether it has spread to other parts of the body or nearby this is called staging the cancer. Once the type and stage of the cancer is known the doctors can discuss with the individual how best to treat them. The different types of scans that can be used include ultrasounds, mammograms and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); ultrasound is an imaging technique that used sound waves to create a picture of the breast tissue. It is generally used as a test to a mammogram an ultra sound is the best way to check whether the lump is a solid or filled with fluid a mammogram is one of the most important tools to diagnose breast cancer. It is a breast X-Ray which helps to detect breast cancer, even before there are any obvious signs and symptoms. In the UK, women between 50 and 70 are invited to have a mammogram every three years as part of a national breast screening programme. The procedure is very safe and it doesn’t make more than 20 minutes there is some discomfort and pain in the breasts when the breast is pressed on an upper and lower plate. MRI imaging technology used in the diagnosis of cancer unlike a mammogram that uses X-Rays to get the images of the breast, MRI use magnets and radio waves to create 3D images of the breast tissue. Sometimes a dye is injected in to the individuals arm cancer cells need a large amount of blood supply for their growth and the MRI shows where and whether the dye is concentrated in certain areas indicating cancer cells and the picture it appears as a white dark background. Having investigations for a breast problem can be a  worrying and stressful time. The staff in the clinic will know that you want results as soon as possible and your specialist may be able to tell you what they think the outcome might be. However, the results of all the investigations you’ve had are usually needed before you can be given more detailed information. The clinic will let you know how and when you’ll get your results. M1- Assess possible difficulties involved in the diagnosis of the disorders from their signs and symptoms. There are many possible difficulties that can be involved in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease and one of them is ECG. Even though an ECG is an important test for detecting heart problems it isn’t advisable to have an ECG done every year because there are two reasons for this. The first is that there isn’t yet evidence that routine screening actually improves long-term health outcomes. Secondly, ECGS provide too many false-positive tests, especially in women leading to unnecessary additional tests and too many false-negative tests which lead to missed abnormalities. However, this advice could change in the future depending on new evidence from the clinical trials. People who are older or out of shape have arthritis, lung disease, vascular disease or other medical conditions or those who cannot exercise enough to undergo the exercise tolerance test take a phar macologic stress test. In place of exercise patients are given medications that increase the hearts need for blood, allowing doctors to detect blockages that obstruct the supply of blood. However, the test is considered safe for most people. Problems that can be involved in the diagnosis of breast cancer can include many women finding having a mammography to be uncomfortable or even painful but this is normally just for a short time. However some women may find that the pain or soreness lasts for a few days. Mammograms can sometimes show an abnormal area in the breast that is later found not to be a cancer when further tests are carried out. This is known as a false-positive result. It takes a lot of time to get the results for further tests and it can be a very worrying time and some women may continue to feel anxious even after they’ve been told they don’t have breast cancer (negative result). About 1 in 10 women who have breast screening will have an abnormal result and be asked to go for further tests. The tests may include more mammograms, ultrasound scans or biopsies of the  breast tissue which can cause pain or scarring. Most of the women asked back for further tests won’t have breast cancer. 1 or 2 mammograms to be takes again for various reasons including the following; The x-ray picture is blurred and cannot be read by the doctor; there is some kind of equipment failure for example the machine that processes the x-ray films breasts down however this is very rare. The mammogram missed part of the breast and it needs to be retakes so that the whole breast can be seen. Although mammography is the most effective and reliable way of detecting breast cancer early, it is not always perfect. A breast cancer may not be detected by mammogram because some cancers are very difficult to see on the x-ray and the person reading the x-ray may miss the cancer. This will happen very rarely no matter how experienced the person reading the x-ray is. So, to reduce the risk of a cancer being missed all mammograms are looked at by two people. Reference http://www.patient.co.uk/health/preventing-cardiovascular-diseases http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Coronary-heart-disease/Pages/Symptoms.aspx http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cad/signs.html http://www.breastcancercare.org.uk/breast-cancer-information/breast-awareness/referral-breast-clinic/mammogram-ultrasound-scan-core-biopsy-fna

US & Saudi Arabia essays

US & Saudi Arabia essays In the late 40s Herbert Feis, a United States State Department analysis, determined that a certain Arab nation in the Middle East has one of the greatest material prizes in world history: oil reserves. The United States government has bargained over $100 billion in military goods, services, and Cold War-era bases, compatible with U.S. needs, in exchange for the largest importation of this Arab oil from any other nation in the world. Since the end of World War II no other middle-eastern country has had more influence, connected more ties, or assimilated more partnerships with the United States than the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has. Though the Saudi Arabian nation has been established on the Arabian Peninsula since the early 18th century, King Abdul Aziz Bin Abdul Rahman Al-Saud founded modern Saudi Arabia on September 23, 1932 under the constitution of the Holy Koran. During King Abdul Aziz Bin Abdul Rahman Al-Sauds reign the nation began a long and prosperous period of economic growth, thanks in part to the discovery of vast oil supplies located throughout the Arabian Peninsula. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia comprises almost four-fifths of the Arabian Peninsula, an area approximately one-third the size of the continental United States, and contains Islamic Holy cities of Mecca and Medina. Today, Saudi Arabia is ruled by King Fahd bin Abdulaziz, who has been a strong political influence over neighboring Arab nations since his reign began. In 1988 he initiated talks to put an end to the Iraq-Iran conflict, and was one of the first members to sign the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. Also in 1990 during th e Persian Gulf conflict, he supported U.S. military action in the country in exchange for assistance in protecting the Saudi territory from being taken over by Iraq. King Fahd bin Abdulaziz has also openly showed support and backing for the Palestinian cause during the last decade. Saudi Arabi...

Stories about Great Thinkers and Inventors

Stories about Great Thinkers and Inventors The following stories about great thinkers and inventors will help to motivate your students and enhance their appreciation of the contributions of inventors. As students read these stories, they will also realize the inventors are male, female, old, young, minority, and majority. They are ordinary people who follow through with their creative ideas to make their dreams a reality. FRISBEE  ® The term FRISBEE did not always refer to the familiar plastic disks we visualize flying through the air. Over 100 years ago, in Bridgeport, Connecticut, William Russell Frisbie owned the Frisbie Pie Company and delivered his pies locally. All of his pies were baked in the same type of 10 round tin with a raised edge, wide brim, six small holes in the bottom, and Frisbie Pies on the bottom. Playing catch with the  tins  soon became a popular local sport. However, the tins were slightly dangerous when a  toss  was missed. It became the Yale custom to yell Frisbie when throwing a pie tin. In the 40s when plastic emerged, the pie-tin game was recognized as a manufacturable and marketable product. Note:  FRISBEE  Ã‚ ® is a registered trademark of Wham-O Mfg. Co. Earmuffs Baby, Its Cold Outside Baby, Its Cold Outside may have been the song running through 13-year-old Chester Greenwoods head one cold December day in 1873. To protect his ears while ice skating, he found a piece of wire, and with his grandmothers help, padded the ends. In the beginning, his friends laughed at him. However, when they realized that he was able to stay outside skating long after they had gone inside freezing, they stopped laughing. Instead, they began to ask Chester to make ear covers for them, too. At age 17 Chester applied for a patent. For the next 60 years, Chesters factory made earmuffs, and earmuffs made Chester rich. BAND-AID  ® At the turn of the century, Mrs. Earl Dickson, an inexperienced cook, often burned and cut herself. Mr. Dickson, a Johnson and Johnson employee, got plenty of practice in hand bandaging. Out of concern for his wifes safety, he began to prepare bandages ahead of time so that his wife could apply them by herself. By combining a piece of surgical tape and a piece of gauze, he fashioned the first crude adhesive strip bandage. LIFE-SAVERS  ® Candy During the hot summer of 1913, Clarence Crane, a chocolate candy manufacturer, found himself facing a dilemma. When he tried to ship his chocolates to candy shops in other cities they melted into gooey blobs. To avoid dealing with the mess, his customers were deferring their orders until cool weather. In order to retain his customers, Mr. Crane needed to find a substitute for the melted chocolates. He experimented with hard candy which wouldnt melt during shipment. Using a machine designed for making medicine pills, Crane produced small, circular candies with a hole in the middle. The birth of LIFE SAVERS! Note on Trademarks  ® is the symbol for a registered trademark. The trademarks on this page are words used to name the inventions. Thomas Alva Edison If I were to tell you that  Thomas Alva Edison  had shown signs of inventive genius at an early age, you probably would not be surprised. Mr. Edison achieved enormous fame with his lifelong contributions of volumes of inventive technology. He received the first of his 1,093 U.S. patents by age 22. In the book, Fire of Genius, Ernest Heyn reported on a remarkable resourceful young Edison, though some of his earliest  tinkering  clearly lacked merit. Age 6 By the age of six, Thomas Edisons experiments with fire were said to have cost his father a barn. Soon after that, it is reported that young Edison tried to launch the first human balloon by persuading another youth to swallow large quantities of effervescing powders to inflate himself with gas. Of course, the experiments brought quite unexpected results! Chemistry and electricity held great fascination for this child,  Thomas Edison. By his early teens, he had designed and perfected his first real invention, an electrical cockroach control system. He glued parallel strips of tinfoil to a wall and wired the strips to the poles of a powerful battery, a deadly shock for the unsuspecting insect. As a dynamo of  creativity, Mr. Edison stood as decidedly unique; but as a child with a curious, problem-solving nature, he was not alone. Here are some more inventive children to know and appreciate. Age 14 At age 14, one schoolboy invented a rotary brush device to remove husks from wheat in the flour mill run by his friends father. The young inventors name?  Alexander Graham Bell. Age 16 At 16, another of our junior achievers saved pennies to buy materials for his chemistry experiments. While still a teenager, he set his mind on developing a commercially viable aluminum refining process. By age 25,  Charles Hall  received a patent on his revolutionary electrolytic process. Age 19 While only 19 years old, another imaginative young person designed and built his first  helicopter. In the summer of 1909, it very nearly flew. Years later,  Igor Sikorsky  perfected his design and saw his early dreams change aviation history.  Silorsky  was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1987. The are more childhood problem-solvers that we can mention. Perhaps youve heard about: Samuel Colts  childhood experience with underwater explosives;Fourteen-year-old Robert Fultons manually operated paddlewheel; andGuglielmo Marconis early mechanical/electrical tinkering.Even television tinker,  Philo T. Farnsworth, conceived his optical scanning idea at the tender age of 14. Inventions Inventions tell something about the inventors place in the society in which they live, a closeness to certain kinds of problems, and possession of certain skills. It is not surprising that up until the mid 20th Century, womens inventions were often related to childcare, housework, and healthcare, all traditional female occupations. In recent years, with access to specialized training and broader job opportunities, women are applying their creativity to many new kinds of problems, including those requiring high technology. While women have frequently come up with new ways to make their work easier, they have not always received credit for their ideas. Some stories about early women inventors show that women often recognized that they were entering a mans world, and shielded their work from the public eye by allowing men to patent their inventions. Catherine Greene Although  Eli Whitney  received a  patent for a cotton gin, Catherine Greene is said to have posed both the problem and the basic idea to Whitney. Furthermore, according to Matilda Gage, (, 1883), his first model, fitted with wooden teeth, did not do the work well, and Whitney was about to throw the work aside when Mrs. Greene proposed the substitution of wire to catch the cotton seeds. Margaret Knight Margaret Knight, remembered as the female Edison, received some 26 patents for such diverse items as a window frame and sash, machinery for cutting shoe soles, and improvements to internal combustion engines. Her most significant patent was for machinery that would automatically fold and glue paper bags to create square bottoms, an invention which dramatically changed shopping habits. Workmen reportedly refused her advice when first installing the equipment because, after all, what does a woman know about machines? More about  Margaret Knight Sarah Breedlove Walker Sarah Breedlove Walker, the daughter of former slaves, was orphaned at seven and widowed by 20.  Madame Walker  is credited with inventing hair lotions, creams, and an improved hair styling hot comb. But her greatest achievement may be the development of the Walker System, which included a broad offering of cosmetics, licensed Walker Agents, and Walker Schools, which offered meaningful employment and personal growth to thousands of Walker Agents, mostly Black women. Sarah Walker was the first American woman  self-made millionaire. More about  Sarah Breedlove Walker Bette Graham Bette Graham hoped to be an artist, but circumstances led her into secretarial work. Bette, however, was not an accurate typist. Fortunately, she recalled that artists could correct their mistakes by painting over them with gesso, so she invented a quick drying paint to cover her typing mistakes. Bette first prepared the secret formula in her kitchen using a hand mixer, and her young son helped to pour the mixture into little bottles. In 1980, the Liquid Paper Corporation, which Bette Graham built, was sold for over $47 million. More about   Bette  GRaham Ann Moore Ann Moore, a Peace Corps volunteer, saw how African women carried babies on their backs by tying cloth around their bodies, leaving both hands free for other work. When she returned to the United States, she designed a carrier which became the popular SNUGLI. Recently Ms. Moore received another patent for a carrier to conveniently transport oxygen cylinders. People needing oxygen for breathing assistance, who were previously confined to stationary oxygen tanks, can now move about more freely. Her company now sells several versions including lightweight backpacks, handbags, shoulder bags, and wheelchair/walker carriers for portable cylinders. Stephanie Kwolek Stephanie Kwolek, one of Duponts leading chemists, discovered the miracle fiber, Kevlar, which has five times the strength of steel by weight. Uses for Kevlar are seemingly endless, including ropes and cables for oil drilling rigs, canoe hulls, boat sails, automobile bodies and tires, and military and motorcycle helmets. Many Viet Nam veterans and police officers are alive today because of protection provided by bullet-proof vests made from Kevlar. Because of its strength and lightness, Kevlar was chosen as the material for the Gossamer Albatross, a pedal airplane flown across the English Channel. Kwolek was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1995. More on  Stephanie Kwolek Gertrude B. Elion Gertrude B. Elion, 1988 Nobel laureate in Medicine, and Scientist Emeritus with Burroughs Wellcome Company, is credited with the synthesis of two of the first successful drugs for Leukemia, as well as Imuron, an agent to prevent the rejection of kidney transplants, and Zovirax, the first selective antiviral agent against herpes virus infections. Researchers who discovered AZT, a breakthrough treatment for AIDS, used Elions protocols. Elion was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 1991, the first woman inductee. More on Gertrude B. Elion Did you Know That.. windshield wipers were patented by  Mary Anderson  in 1903?dandruff shampoo was patented by Josie Stuart in 1903?a dishwasher was patented by  Josephine Cochrane  in 1914?the first disposable diaper was patented by Marion Donovan in 1951?a compact portable hair dryer was patented by Harriet J. Stern in 1962?a dough product for frozen pizza was patented by Rose Totino in 1979?the Melitta Automatic Drip Coffee Maker was patented by Melitta Benz in Germany in 1908? Between 1863 and 1913, approximately 1,200 inventions were patented by minority  inventors.  Many  more were unidentified because they hid their race to avoid discrimination or sold their inventions to others. The following stories are about a few of the  great minority  inventors. Elijah McCoy Elijah McCoy  earned  about 50 patents, however, his most  famous one  was for a metal or glass cup that fed oil to bearings through a small-bore tube. Elijah McCoy was born in Ontario, Canada, in 1843, the son of slaves who had fled Kentucky. He died in Michigan in 1929. More about  Elijah McCoy Benjamin Banneker Benjamin Banneker created the first striking clock made of wood in America. He became known as the Afro-American Astronomer. He published an almanac and with his knowledge of mathematics and astronomy, he assisted in the surveying and planning of the new city of Washington, D.C. More about  Benjamin Banneker Granville Woods Granville Woods  had more than 60  patents. Known as the Black Edison, he improved Bells telegraph and created an electrical motor that made the underground subway possible. He also improved the airbrake. More about  Granville Woods Garrett Morgan Garrett Morgan  invented an improved  traffic signal. He also invented a safety hood for firefighters. More about  Garrett Morgan George Washington Carver George Washington Carver aided the Southern states with his  many inventions. He discovered over 300 different products made from the peanut which, until Carver, was considered a lowly food fit for hogs. He dedicated himself to teaching others, learning and working with nature. He created over 125 new products with the sweet potato and taught poor farmers how to rotate crops to  improve  their soil and their cotton.  George Washington Carver  was a great scientist and inventor who learned to be a careful observer and who was honored throughout the world for his creation of new things. More about  George Washington Carver

Free Essays on Teenage Sex

Teenage Sex Teenagers in the United States are experimenting with sexual activities more and more today than ever before. According to Charles Krauthammer, "Sex oozes from every pore of the culture and there's not a kid in the world who can avoid it." (Meier, 1994, p. 7). Teenagers are surrounded by some sort of sexual connotations all the time. Whether it is television, radio, school, or even the Internet, teenagers are hearing the affects of sex on our society. The price that teenagers pay for being sexually active greatly outweighs any advantages. The period of puberty occurs somewhere between the ages of 10 and 14 for most but can vary for different people. Heredity, health problems, and emotional and physical stress can cause these variations. Teens begin to experiment with the opposite sex by hugging, kissing and other forms of sexual _expression. People are capable of creating babies as soon as puberty begins. Teens also watch more television and listen to more music developing their own unique personalities. According to one study, about 65,000 sexual acts or comments on prime-time television occur every year (Meier, 1994, p. 9). In the movies or on television, the actors and actresses make sex look easy, fun and glamorous. It appears to be something everyone is doing. On television shows like "Dawson's Creek", sex is usually the major topic of the entire show. Whether it is guys and girls, guys and guys, girls and girls, or multiple persons of each sex, the sex act itself is a major conflict. Movies, such as "Cruel Intentions", portray sex as a game. The main characters are placing bets on each other that one of them will have sex with some girl who is against the idea of premarital sex. That movie is rated R, but little kids were in there with their parents. Those types of movies are not meant for a young audience. Now those kids might end up having sex when they become teenagers. Those same teenagers might often be the one... Free Essays on Teenage Sex Free Essays on Teenage Sex Teenage Sex Teenagers in the United States are experimenting with sexual activities more and more today than ever before. According to Charles Krauthammer, "Sex oozes from every pore of the culture and there's not a kid in the world who can avoid it." (Meier, 1994, p. 7). Teenagers are surrounded by some sort of sexual connotations all the time. Whether it is television, radio, school, or even the Internet, teenagers are hearing the affects of sex on our society. The price that teenagers pay for being sexually active greatly outweighs any advantages. The period of puberty occurs somewhere between the ages of 10 and 14 for most but can vary for different people. Heredity, health problems, and emotional and physical stress can cause these variations. Teens begin to experiment with the opposite sex by hugging, kissing and other forms of sexual _expression. People are capable of creating babies as soon as puberty begins. Teens also watch more television and listen to more music developing their own unique personalities. According to one study, about 65,000 sexual acts or comments on prime-time television occur every year (Meier, 1994, p. 9). In the movies or on television, the actors and actresses make sex look easy, fun and glamorous. It appears to be something everyone is doing. On television shows like "Dawson's Creek", sex is usually the major topic of the entire show. Whether it is guys and girls, guys and guys, girls and girls, or multiple persons of each sex, the sex act itself is a major conflict. Movies, such as "Cruel Intentions", portray sex as a game. The main characters are placing bets on each other that one of them will have sex with some girl who is against the idea of premarital sex. That movie is rated R, but little kids were in there with their parents. Those types of movies are not meant for a young audience. Now those kids might end up having sex when they become teenagers. Those same teenagers might often be the one...

How to Make Bubbles That Dont Pop

How to Make Bubbles That Don't Pop If youre tired of bubbles that pop as soon as you blow them, try this recipe for unbreakable bubbles! Now, its still possible to break these bubbles, but they are much stronger than regular soap bubbles. Examples of bubbles that truly wont pop include plastic bubbles, which are essentially small balloons. This recipe makes bubbles using a sugar polymer to accomplish much the same result. Unbreakable Bubble Recipe 3 cups of water1 cup liquid dishwashing detergent (Joy is a good choice)1/2 cup white corn syrup Simply stir the ingredients together to make the bubble solution. You can use dark corn syrup just as easily as white corn syrup, but the solution will be colored. Also, you can add food coloring or glow paint to color the bubbles. You can substitute another type of sticky syrup. Expect changes in color and odor. Heres another easy bubble recipe: 3 cups water1 cup dishwashing liquid1/2 cup glycerin Getting the Biggest, Strongest Bubbles If you blow bubbles and they dont seem strong enough, you can add more glycerin and/or corn syrup. The best amount of glycerin or corn syrup depends on the dish soap you use, so the recipe is a starting point. Feel free to adjust the ingredient measurements. If you use ultra dishwashing liquid, youll probably need to add more syrup or glycerin. If you are having trouble getting big bubbles, you might want to use distilled water rather than tap water. Also, bubble recipes benefit from sitting for several hours or overnight before use. Glowing Bubbles If you break open a yellow highlighter and allow the ink to soak into the water, the resulting bubble solution and bubbles will glow under a black light. Another option is to use tonic water in place of regular water. The tonic water bubbles will glow pale blue under a black light. For brighter glowing bubbles, you can add glow pigment to the bubble mixture. However, the pigment becomes suspended in the solution rather dissolves, so the bubbles wont last as long or get as large. Coloring Bubbles Bubbles consist of a thin liquid film over a gas (air). Because the liquid layer is so thin, its hard to color bubbles. You can add food coloring or dye, but dont expect the color to be really noticeable. Also, the pigment molecules are large and will weaken the bubbles so they wont be as big or last as long. Its possible to color bubbles, but you may not like the results. Your best bet is to substitute a water-based dye in place of water in the bubble recipe. Blow colored bubbles outdoors because they will stain surfaces and clothing. Bubble Clean Up As you might guess, bubbles made using corn syrup  are sticky. They will clean up with warm water, but its best to blow bubbles outdoors or in a bathroom or kitchen so you wont have to un-stick your carpet or upholstery. The bubbles wash out of clothing.

What is the Meaning of `Sure Thing` Essay Example

What is the Meaning of `Sure Thing` Essay Example What is the Meaning of `Sure Thing` Essay What is the Meaning of `Sure Thing` Essay Essay Topic: Sure Thing One of the key thematic aspects of David Ives short play Sure Thing (1988) is the question of whether the plays two characters, Bill and Betty, genuinely achieve communication adn connection by the close of the play or whether the perceived true communication and relationship between the characters is actually a result of superficiality and repetition. In order to fully understand the plays device of restarting the same scene again and again, it is necessary to regard both possible outcomes or thematic interpretations as equally viable and simultaneous. In other words both aspects of the them are intended by Ives: that people do and do not achieve true communication and build genuine connections and relationships during the course of repeated, almost absurdly repeated events.In fact the device of the bell can be interpreted as showing both the universality of the repeated encounter between Bill and Betty but also of the universal nature of seclusion and isolation: the inability for p eople to reach one another despite repeated attempts to find the right mode and the right words. An example of how the repetition of scenes works to indicate the failed or broken aspects of interpersonal communication is when the first exchange of dialogue takes place:BILL-TABLE #1: Excuse me. Is this chair taken?BETTY-TABLE #1: Excuse me?BILL-TABLE #1: Is this taken?BETTY-TABLE #1: Yes it is.BILL-TABLE #1: Oh. Sorry.BETTY-TABLE #1: Sure thing(Ives)The initial status between two strangers is a closed, almost impenetrable solitude with little room for affection or emotional response.   The exchange of dialogue is meant to indicate the walls that exist between people in modern society, the way that politeness and   decorum serve a function   of facilitating isolation and precluding human interaction The next exchange of dialogue (after the scene is reset by the bell) show a slight softening of the decorum and the socially facilitated barriers of formal discourse:BILL-TABLE #3: E xcuse me. Is this chair taken?BETTY-TABLE #3: Excuse me?BILL-TABLE #3: Is this taken?BETTY-TABLE #3: No, but I’m expecting somebody in a minute.BILL-TABLE #3: Oh. Thanks anyway.BETTY-TABLE #3: Sure thing.(Ives)It is important to note that Bettys line that she is expecting somebody reveal the first overt emotional reference of the play but that the emotion is still a function of personal defensiveness and serves to inhibit rather than encourage further interaction. The dual progression demonstrated by these two opening scenes: one a movement toward emotion and toward interpersonal communication, the other a simultaneous movement toward defensiveness and isolation exemplify the progression of dual themes that persist right through to the end of the play.By the time Bill and Betty have made a demonstrable connection one that the audience can at least belive may be genuine, there is still no change in the outer formality of the dialogue and its simultaneously evasive and self-pr otective function. More than learning to truly reach one another or truly communicate, the characters can be understood to have reached a mutual understand of permissable superficiality. A sample of the closing dialogue shows that Ives intends the ambiguity of the perception of the charatcers true connection and emotional response to function, in fact, as a way of expressing two themes simultaneously which contradict one another but are nevertheless apparent throughout actual human society:BILL-TABLE #3: Y’know I was headed to the-BETTY-TABLE #3: (simultaneously) I was thinking about-BILL-TABLE #3: I’m sorry.BETTY-TABLE #3: No, go ahead.BILL-TABLE #3: I was going to say that I was headed to the movies in a little while,   Ã‚  Ã‚   and†¦BETTY-TABLE #3: So was I.(Ives)In conclusion, Ives intended Sure Thing to express a dual theme: that human both incapable of reaching a state of true connection and communication but they are equally incapable of escaping the cons tant drive to seek just such a connection and relationship. In this way, the device of scene-repetition in the play is able to express to seemingly contradictory themes simultaneously in order to more fully represent the actual state of human relationships in the modern world.

Signing up Essays

Signing up Essays Signing up Essay Signing up Essay Exposition supported with Process, Definition, Narrative, or Comparison/Contrast. Each paragraph must be supported with at least one brief narrative, but the essay as a whole may not be one long narrative. If you find your topic sentences beginning with terms that suggest time or chronological order (Then, Next, Afterwards, Finally) then you need to restructure your essay to arrange your material logically, not chronologically. Topic Description: In this essay, I want you to think through and write about what you believe Is a value/an activity/ a life/ a Life-blew/a principle by which life may be directed (choose Just one) that you hope to pass down to your posterity, to future generations. Arrange material logically, not chronologically. In each body paragraph, you must use at least one narrative to support the topic sentence, but you may not turn your essay into one long narrative. The thesis must be clearly stated, and then each topic sentence should make a point supporting the thesis. You may choose a process to write about, but the actual process should only be described In one paragraph and only If necessary. In other words, a process is form of narrative writing, so the whole essay cant be focused on how to do the process, but the essay CAN focus on the importance of that process to you and to your family. Write in First or Third Person only (no Second Person). Write 650 to 850 words. Audience and Purpose: The audience for this essay Is someone who Is Interested In finding out more about you: your teacher, your classmates, your own family, or even your current or future children. Your purpose is to explain something you already know and understand to someone who doesnt. Assume anything you write this master?whether in an essay or in a Journal entry?may be read to anyone or by anyone at any time during class or outside of class throughout the semester. If you do not want your mother, sister, preacher, priest, or chatty next-door-neighbor to know something, do not write It down! Follow the class schedule for due dates. How to be successful with this essay assignment. Meeting deadlines is key so that the instructor may help you and so that you have time to use the computer programs available to revise accordingly. Being specific in the details you write is important. Suppose for example, you were to write a paper for a government class arguing whether or not the city manager of a town should be fired or should have his or her contract renewed. Avoid a general statement such as The city manager should be let go because he has made a bunch of people mad. Instead come up with specific details such as The city manger is corrupt and as a result should not have his contract renewed. Your main points could explain his corruption: because he has fired two city employees who refused to contribute to his brother-in-laws campaign for sheriff, because he has put family and friends on the itty payroll who are Incompetent and without having gone through normal hiring home. Those three ideas become the topic sentences for the supporting body paragraphs. Make sur e you know what your Main Point or thesis is as you develop your Main Ideas and as you develop your supporting ideas. Consider your audience. What if your audience does not have the same belief? How can you explain your belief if the audience has never considered it? When arranging material logically, move from weakest or most obvious main idea to the strongest main idea. Remember, the lasting impression lasts and the last idea presented may often influence the grade assigned by a teacher. If you ever begin a paragraph with another example is .. , then you know you need to revamp that paragraph. It needs a new topic and a new topic sentence! Take advantage of every editing opportunity. Fill in the form so that you will be ready to write Essay #1 . Come up with ideas for at least 4 body paragraphs, but you may end up using only three by the time you write your essay. Having only two ideas suggests to the teacher not having put in enough thought about the topic. This form is for your use only, but if I suggest a conference with you, I will want you to et it to me?copy paste it and send it in Blackboard Mail. You can propose a conference if you want me to check to see how you are doing. You dont have to wait for me to propose it. Working thesis: (Write the life value down in a succinct statement along with a comment on why that life value is important to you or to your family. ) Main Idea #1: Ideas to support Main idea : (Include one narrative idea) 2. 3. Main Idea #2: Ideas to support Main idea #2: Ideas to support Main idea #3: Main Idea #4: Ideas to support Main idea #4: How I will draw my essay to a conclusion or end it:

Advancing Cultural Mindset and Integration Assignment

Advancing Cultural Mindset and Integration - Assignment Example To have a global mindset helps individuals to think widely and to work with people from different cultures. For example, global managers are different from the local managers due to their state of mind and the ability to work across boundaries and appreciating cross culture. Therefore, to have a difference in mindset and approach to problem-solving makes one has the ability to work internationally. In addition, individuals should not assume that their way of doing things is right. It is important to understand how people operate in this complex world. Moreover, having a global mindset entails the willingness of an individual to adjust their behavior and way of thinking. If an individual keeps on doing what they are used to, they miss opportunities to become successful. There are various ways used to integrate varied perspectives to be successful in a culturally diverse society. Firstly, one needs to understand and appreciate the acquired culture. This entails learning how people communicate, how they make decisions, and generally how they do things. This will help solve the cultural differences among the different employees and the executive team. Secondly, organizations need to put in place a cultural integration plan. This will help identify the strengths of the different employees as well as identify where the big risks are and to have plans for mitigating them For instance, it will help identify managers who are struggling with their new teams and which teams have a difficulty in working within their limits. Thirdly, it is important for organizations to evolve culture. This entails educating people to overcome the justifiable ‘us’ and ‘them’ culture and instead embrace the ‘we’ culture.

Collaborative learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Collaborative learning - Essay Example In case the learners are able to effectively demonstrate that they have been able to sufficiently understand and implement this concept, these learners are then found to inadvertently tend to respect and greatly value each other’s language input (Macaro, 1997, p. 134). This attribute of collaborative learning is most commonly seen to be a result of the principle of positive interdependence that is prominent in collaborative learning. Positive interdependence is basically the degree to which various groups of participants are seen to perceive that they are essentially interdependent in the sense that they happen to share an innately mutual fate, and that their general overall success happens to be mutually caused (Davies, 2009, p. 565; Alexandrov et al., 2012, p. 18). It, therefore, falls on the teachers to essentially serve the role of aiding with the facilitation of these given roles. The different groups of students are positively engaged in working together with the aim of attempting to search for possible solutions, meaning, and understanding in the creation of a product(Alexandrov et al., 2012, p. 18). ... In case that any particular question happens to be raised in a collaborative learning environment, different students in a group will often tend to offer varied responses as answers (McAuliffe, 2010, p. 65). It becomes possible for each of these responses to be effectively used by the group in the creation of an end product that serves to reflect the collective input of a wide range of perspectives and as such, the final answer or end product is seen to be of a more complete and comprehensive nature. the active involvement of students in the learning process. The subdivision of students into a number of various small groups is seen to help with availing easier opportunities for each of the different students to be able to make an individual contribution into the group. It, therefore, follows that students will generally be seen to take relatively more ownership of the end material generated by the group in addition to their being encouraged to critically think and identify possible r elated issues (Adams & Hamm, 2011, p. 113). increased opportunities for the students to receive personal feedback. As a result of an increased level of exchanges between the different students in small groups, students engaged in a collaborative learning process are seen to generally receive more personal feedback pertaining to their responses and ideas as made within the individual groups. It is often quite difficult for these students to be able to receive this personalized feedback in a large-group instruction setting as it is often quite common for one or even two students to be actively engaged in exchanging their ideas when the rest of the entire classroom listens to them and, hence, are inhibited from receiving personal feedback (Cuneo, 2008, p. 4). Factors that Can Serve to

The major operating system and network you are using on a daily basis Essay

The major operating system and network you are using on a daily basis - Essay Example First a cable based on CAT6a ( Able Infrastructure Solutions, n.d.) 1 Gbps switched network. The Second is an 802.11n wireless (Wi-Fi) network. Both networks are configured with Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP) (TCP/IP), Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPV4). (Brookshear, et al., 2011) The operating system and network are adequately designed and developed to perform their tasks in our environment. †¢ Windows OS allows for quick develop of wide and varied multithread applications. Ability to support a wide variety of hardware devices through device drivers is important in a hospital setting as is an interactive user experience through use of a GUI interface. †¢ Combining a star and bus network topology creates a scalable network, with the ability to maintain a requirement for low amounts of down time encase of failure of devices. (Brookshear, et al., 2011) The advantages outweigh and disadvantages the Windows OS bring can be summarised as: †¢ The advantages are outweigh such as quicker support for newer hardware, vendors availability of readymade applications and varied devices available that work with Windows vs. other OS’s (MNS Group, 2012) †¢ Ability to be adapted and access to a wide support knowledge base to fix problems or issues A few highlighted disadvantages to the Windows OS are: †¢ Vulnerability to frequent virus or security attacks. Microsoft does offer regular security updates to protect against vulnerabilities. †¢ Closed source single source for procuring creates high acquisition cost for this OS. †¢ Variable hardware implementation compatibilities can create high support workload (RJ Systems, 2010) (Stallings, 2005)

Fine art ba Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Fine art ba - Essay Example Developments in the field of Art and Architecture emerged from the Classical to the Modern. There is indeed a clash within the academe as to how art and architecture must be assessed in the same respect to that of the general public or the viewers who have been hostile and unreceptive, in most cases, to the new form and standards of art and architecture that emerged and presented by the artists and innovators themselves. This is the condition that shows why Art Historians are busy rewriting art history. This is applicable to Lego since the said toy became a method in artistic production which will be discussed on the latter part of the dissertation. In this paper, there is an investigative, critical and synthetic approach and analysis as to how the Lego art and architecture, the external influences to the concept of construction, and the development of the style throughout time, in all aspects reflect the status and condition of Modern Art and Architecture. Frank Lloyd Wright will be dealt with in this paper as well since he is one the well-known architects that formulated new designs and conventions in terms of architecture. There will be an assessment of the modes of artistic production, specifically on the conception of form, the conventions of the work of art, the aesthetic appeal, the social context and observe clearly what are the difference and similarities among the three and the possible influence of one to the other. Also, the dissertation will try to investigate further the ambivalent connections of the aforementioned stylistic concepts. In achieving a cohesive and synthetic assessment of the matters that pertain to the subject being tackled, there will be a thorough deliberation of the relation of the aforementioned topics to its social, cultural, political, and economic contexts. Inevitably, these contexts provide a crucial playing field for the flourish and failures that art and architecture faced

Information Studies Essay Exams Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Information Studies Exams - Essay Example The propensity for documents to be written and commented upon, another aspect that Brown discusses, has been greatly facilitated by the new generation of electronic documents. An electronic document is amenable to being processed and transmitted by electronic means. One of the major difficulties in moving away from physical to electronic documents stems from security concerns. In the case of physical documents, there is usually only one copy of sensitive information. This copy can be physically protected. In the case of electronic documents, theft of sensitive information is on the rise due to many reasons. The security of the documents and information are challenged by the proliferation of hackers and other forms of attack. Moreover, even where tight security measures are applied, these are, in many cases, restricted to storage and transmission of the documents only. Recipients of the information may unwittingly form breaches in the security system. At the same time, legislation such as the HIPAA makes it mandatory for organizations to take effective measures to protect the privacy of those dealing with them. Easy availability of information has also raised questions about governmental accountability against privacy of individuals. Government can access information about individuals more easily in the electronic age, and under certain circumstances officials of the government are authorized to do so. This creates a dilemma because it is very difficult to judge what constitutes essential intrusions into privacy. There are several social and ethical issues that arise as a result of increasing use of Information systems. The ethical issues broadly cover areas such as Information rights and obligations, property rights and obligations, and accountability. Cultural issues such as assimilation of technologies and development of trust, security issues that concern misuse or theft of information, and fraud, are some of the other

Gender and History in Modern South Asia Research Paper

Gender and History in Modern South Asia - Research Paper Example Mani states that one of the reasons that the colonial government abolished the right known as sati was as a result of the belief that it was an inhuman practice that did not put into consideration the rights of the women who underwent it.1 Colonial officials believed that sati was done because the family of women’s husbands did not wish to be saddled with the upkeep of widows. Furthermore, it was believed that these families did not wish widows to contest their husbands’ estates and this was a reason why they were coerced to undergo the right. The result was that the colonial government came to believe that the women who underwent sati were coerced to do so by greedy relatives and members of the Brahmin caste who were called upon to officiate the occasion. Colonial officials wished to institute laws that were designed to ensure that women were protected against what they saw as the depravity of the whole practice of sati, hence the move to abolish it. However, contempor ary scholarship shows that despite there being some cases of women being coerced to undergo sati, a significant number of them went willingly and there were instances where despite being held back by their relatives, they fought their way to the pyre so that they could go with their husbands. In addition, contemporary scholarship shows that some people within the local population were also opposed to sati and made arguments that mirrored those of colonial officials. Contemporary scholars are shown to believe that the sati would have eventually have come to an end in India without the intervention of the colonial government and despite the belief among the latter that sati was practiced all over India, was not as widespread and had fallen into disuse except for Calcutta and the areas surrounding it.

The Significance of Improving Productivity in the Hospitality Industry Essay

The Significance of Improving Productivity in the Hospitality Industry - Essay Example Introduction Productivity has a huge impact on all businesses; both individual and corporate. In fact, the hospitality industry is witnessing a steady decline in productivity after World War II, and for many decades the industry effectively hid its poor productivity behind the baby boom in the size of the market. According to estimates, the hospitality industry is only 50% as effective as other industries. Still, it is surprising to note that am effective strategy that could be used to measure the productivity in hospitality industry is not available. This work intends to check why productivity is important in hospitality industry; especially bars and clubs, and also it tries to analyse the existing notion of and attitude towards productivity in the hospitality industry. Thereafter, it tries to suggest some ways that can be adopted to improve productivity in the hospitality industry, especially bars and clubs. The Productivity Paradox of Hospitality Industry The main problem with hos pitality industry, according to scholars, is poor productivity. From studies, it became evident that most people in the hospitality industry possess relatively little idea about the importance of human resources in the hospitality industry. In the opinion of Mill (2010), in hospitality industry, the role of human resources has been undervalued. ... cording to them, despite the best efforts by the hospitality industry to incorporate information technology in operations, there is no evident improvement in productivity. According to them, an important reason for this lack of evidence lies in the fact that there is no effective tool for the measurement of productivity improvement. In addition, it became evident from the study that those who used technology did not use it to improve productivity, but to improve the guest experience. Another serious issue is that different people use different set of criteria to measure productivity (ibid). Similarly, the study by Ingram and Fraenkel (2006) looked into the perception of productivity among hospitality managers. It is pointed out that they possess little idea about the notion of productivity, and the more they tried to understand what productivity is, the more confused they became. The same opinion is revealed by Mill. So, it seems useful to look into the different ideologies on produc tivity. Definition of Productivity and its Measurement In the opinion of Gummesson (1998), it is both ambiguous and inadequate to measure service productivity. However, in the opinion of Reynolds (2004), as about 30% of the hospitality cost comes from labour, a general tendency in the industry is to reduce labour costs while maintaining productivity. However, an article published by the New Zealand Tourism Research Institute warns that the productivity targets achieved in this way will not last long. This is so because reduced costs will lead to a decline in service standards. As Kimes (2001) states, this poor service, in turn, will affect customer satisfaction, which, eventually, will result in poor sales, and finally, poor productivity. There are people like Parasuraman (2002) who argue

Introduction to Economic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to Economic - Essay Example All economies in the real world depend on a mixture of both governments and markets to allocation resources efficiently. According to markets, resources are allocated through voluntary choices that are made by all participants in the economy and individuals. On the other hand, governments allocate resources involuntarily and enforce laws, taxation systems, regulations, and restrictions to participants. Question 1 Market and Government Economies Countries may have preferences between the using of governments or markets in allocating resources within their economies; however, it is evident that both markets and governments play an important role in mixed economies. Markets generally involve exchange of goods and services in a manner that is voluntary, since no force used to compel any economic participant in buying or selling items of economic value. A market basically thrives on participants’ willingness and desire to exchange. Pure market economies exclusively use markets to a llocate and distribute resources throughout the economy. Government economies rely on involuntary enforcement to allocate resources through setting of rules and laws to govern a resource allocation system. The rules and laws are mandatory for participants in the economy, and the government has the right to enforce the laws and punish participants who fail to agree with the generally accepted rules and regulations. Participants in the economy follow resource allocation rules and regulations because the government and relevant authorities enforce them. Pure command economies use governments exclusively to allocate resources in their economies. However, such kind of economies precludes theoretical extremes, since they do not actually exist and are not realistic with regards to the real world situation. Both pure market and pure command economies provide a benchmark to facilitate real world economic aspects comparison. Mixed economies are therefore evident in the real world, since both pure market and pure command economies preclude non-existent theoretical ideals, leaving the real world economies somewhere in between the two theoretical ideals. Although the theoretical ideals are non-existent in the real world, their collective contributions are evident in mixed kind of economies. It is important to note that, although mixed economies use both markets and governments to allocate resources, real world mixed economies use more of governments or markets, in accordance to the systems they use. This alludes to economies such as capitalism, which is an economic system that is market oriented, as it uses more of market than government in allocating resources. Similarly, communism and socialism are mixed economies that use more of governments than markets to allocate resources (Greene, 2007, p.46). Mixed economies use government policies, rules, and regulations as an inherent dimension used to pursue economic goals in allocation of resources. Economic goals pursued encom pass societal desires such as the need to achieve full employment, equity, stability of the economy, economic efficiency, and sustainable growth. Through economic policies, governments assume the primary responsibility of pursuing economic goals desired by the economy through assisting, controlling, guiding, and regulating the voluntary market. Government policies are undertaken in form of

Legal Forms of Business Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Legal Forms of Business Paper - Essay Example Sole Proprietorship A sole proprietorship is a kind of business structure wherein a business is to be carried by an individual or a married individual alone. If Miguel chooses this type of business structure he will find it is easy to operate, enjoy the profits and have the benefit of the flexibility of management. A sole proprietorship has fewer legal controls but at the same time has an unlimited personal liability (Reed, n. d.). Example: Miguel launches food services. The name of the company is Miguel’s Food Services. The name comes from the name of its sole owner, Miguel Garcia. Miguel invested $50,000 from his own funds and borrowed $100,000 from the bank for the business. Let us assume that the business failed after several months of operation, and he still owes the bank the amount of $50,000. As a sole owner, he is liable to pay the bank the whole amount from his personal assets. Miguel will find it difficult to attract investors under this set up. Because he is new in this kind of business, there is also the possibility of the flaw of management, as he does not possess the necessary skills needed in the business. Partnership A partnership is a kind of arrangement wherein two or more persons (not a married couple) agree to contribute money, labor, and skill to a business (Reed, n. d). Example: Let us suppose that Miguel accepts Peter as a general partner, each of them shares in the management of the business, shares in the profit and losses of the company and both of them are equally liable for the debt of the company. Each party must agree to the participation of its partner, and the partners can do it orally, in a written form or implied, and no formalities are required. It should be a good practice to have a written agreement to avoid future disputes (Cheeseman2010). Thus, Miguel, and Peter as business partners should write articles of partnership that spell out their terms of agreement in management, profit, or loss. Their Food Service does no t pay federal income taxes. Instead each partner should pay his or her income tax separately. This way, the government can trace if they declare their income and losses properly. General partners have the right to share in the management and also to share in the profits. Under the rule, no partner is allowed to receive a compensation for his performance in the business unless otherwise agreed upon. However, a partner is allowed reimbursement for business travel expenses and expenses incurred for the business. Limited Partnership Another possibility for Miguel is to consider the limited partnership wherein he can be a general partner and accept partners on a limited basis. As a general partner he manages the business and shares fully in its profits and losses. The limited partners share the profits of the organization but their losses are limited only to their shares in the company (Reed, n. d.) Let us take this example. The company is registered as Best Food Services, Ltd. The word Ltd. signifies that partners have limited participation in the company. Miguel, Peter, and James are partners. Miguel is the general partner; Peter and James are limited partners.